Abstract:
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is an emerging technology that has the potential to significantly improve traffic safety and efficiency through various application...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is an emerging technology that has the potential to significantly improve traffic safety and efficiency through various applications such as pedestrian alerts, traffic hazard warnings, signal timing information broadcasting, etc. With the help of the Federal Communications Commission's agreement to waive restrictive rules on C-V2X deployment, extensive real-world testing and implementation of C-V2X is on the horizon. However, the performance of C-V2X in urban environments remains unclear as existing studies have been focusing on evaluating it in either simulated or highway environments. To facilitate the understanding of its performance in urban environments, this study has conducted a systematic evaluation of the efficiency and reliability of C-V2X using various metrics based on real-world data collected through roadside units (RSUs) and onboard units in urban environments. Experimental results indicate that C-V2X has relatively stable efficiency (i.e., latency) under different conditions. However, its reliability (i.e., packet error rate and spatial delivery rate) is significantly affected by multiple factors, including the distance from the vehicle to the RSU and to its surrounding buildings. Moreover, this study has proposed a concept of machine learning-assisted RSU planning to facilitate the planning and deployment of C-V2X in urban areas. An XGBoost model is developed to accurately estimate the probability of the delivery of V2X messages using C-V2X. Results from explaining the model suggest that the planning of RSUs should consider the spacing of RSUs and the density of buildings in the area.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles ( Volume: 9, Issue: 1, January 2024)