In this article, an adaptive finite-time fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy is proposed for state tracking of uncertain systems subject to actuator faults and input saturation. The actuator faults, which include multiplicative and time-varying additive modes, are allowed to be unknown. To deal with the coupling of the unknown model uncertainties and the actuator faults, an adaptive mechanism is designed based on a wisely chosen Lyapunov function. The proposed finite-time FTC scheme, with adaptive laws of uncertain parameters, guarantees the stability of the closed-loop system, and the practical finite-time state tracking property. Then, the algorithm is applied to a flight control system, simulation and comparison results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the designed control scheme.