For an uplink sparse code multiple access (SCMA) system, a codebook-domain superposition transmission can be applied to increase the multiplexing gain by efficient utilization of the codebooks as multiple access resources. However, the destructive collision of superposed codewords can restrict the performance improvement of the system because of the increasing interlayer interferences. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the interlayer interferences on the bit error rates, and optimize the SCMA codebooks that can mitigate the interlayer interferences. Simulation results show that the optimized codebooks can provide a noticeable gain to improve the performance of uplink SCMA systems applied with superposition transmission.