We consider the interference alignment (IA) in small cell networks with full-duplex (FD) self-backhauling equipped on each small base station. First, by leveraging the optimization theory and formulating the IA conditions as a 0–1 integer linear programming (ILP) problem, we establish that the optimal solution of the formulated ILP problem is exactly equivalent to that of its associated relaxed linear programming one, then proposing an efficient approach to judge the IA feasibility, even in FD-based small cell networks with more interference signals. Then, given perfect interference elimination, an adaptive power allocation (PA) problem is formulated, followed by an iterative algorithm leveraging first-order approximations, with its convergence assured. Finally, simulations are conducted to reveal the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, showing that the sum rate of FD-enabled networks can benefit from not only the introduction of FD self-backhauling but also the execution of adaptive PA.