Cross-reference identification within a PDF document

Sida Li; Liangcai Gao; Zhi Tang; Yinyan Yu

doi:10.1117/12.2076237

8 February 2015 Cross-reference identification within a PDF document

Sida Li, Liangcai Gao, Zhi Tang, Yinyan Yu

Proceedings Volume 9402, Document Recognition and Retrieval XXII; 940209 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076237
Event: SPIE/IS&T Electronic Imaging, 2015, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Cross-references, such like footnotes, endnotes, figure/table captions, references, are a common and useful type of page elements to further explain their corresponding entities in the target document. In this paper, we focus on cross-reference identification in a PDF document, and present a robust method as a case study of identifying footnotes and figure references. The proposed method first extracts footnotes and figure captions, and then matches them with their corresponding references within a document. A number of novel features within a PDF document, i.e., page layout, font information, lexical and linguistic features of cross-references, are utilized for the task. Clustering is adopted to handle the features that are stable in one document but varied in different kinds of documents so that the process of identification is adaptive with document types. In addition, this method leverages results from the matching process to provide feedback to the identification process and further improve the algorithm accuracy. The primary experiments in real document sets show that the proposed method is promising to identify cross-reference in a PDF document.

Citation Download Citation

Sida Li, Liangcai Gao, Zhi Tang, and Yinyan Yu "Cross-reference identification within a PDF document", Proc. SPIE 9402, Document Recognition and Retrieval XXII, 940209 (8 February 2015); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076237

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