Comparing deep learning models for population screening using chest radiography

R. Sivaramakrishnan; Sameer Antani; Sema Candemir; Zhiyun Xue; Joseph Abuya; Marc Kohli; Philip Alderson; George Thoma

doi:10.1117/12.2293140

27 February 2018 Comparing deep learning models for population screening using chest radiography

R. Sivaramakrishnan, Sameer Antani, Sema Candemir, Zhiyun Xue, Joseph Abuya, Marc Kohli, Philip Alderson, George Thoma

Proceedings Volume 10575, Medical Imaging 2018: Computer-Aided Diagnosis; 105751E (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293140
Event: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2018, Houston, Texas, United States

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis (TB) remains the most deadly infectious disease in the world. In a 2015 global annual TB report, 1.5 million TB related deaths were reported. The conditions worsened in 2016 with 1.7 million reported deaths and more than 10 million people infected with the disease. Analysis of frontal chest X-rays (CXR) is one of the most popular methods for initial TB screening, however, the method is impacted by the lack of experts for screening chest radiographs. Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) tools have gained significance because they reduce the human burden in screening and diagnosis, particularly in countries that lack substantial radiology services. State-of-the-art CADx software typically is based on machine learning (ML) approaches that use hand-engineered features, demanding expertise in analyzing the input variances and accounting for the changes in size, background, angle, and position of the region of interest (ROI) on the underlying medical imagery. More automatic Deep Learning (DL) tools have demonstrated promising results in a wide range of ML applications. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), a class of DL models, have gained research prominence in image classification, detection, and localization tasks because they are highly scalable and deliver superior results with end-to-end feature extraction and classification. In this study, we evaluated the performance of CNN based DL models for population screening using frontal CXRs. The results demonstrate that pre-trained CNNs are a promising feature extracting tool for medical imagery including the automated diagnosis of TB from chest radiographs but emphasize the importance of large data sets for the most accurate classification.

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Citation Download Citation

R. Sivaramakrishnan, Sameer Antani, Sema Candemir, Zhiyun Xue, Joseph Abuya, Marc Kohli, Philip Alderson, and George Thoma "Comparing deep learning models for population screening using chest radiography", Proc. SPIE 10575, Medical Imaging 2018: Computer-Aided Diagnosis, 105751E (27 February 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293140

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