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8 June 2012 An enhanced smoothness evaluation for reversible data hiding in encrypted images
Wien Hong, Tung-Shou Chen, Han-Yan Wu, Hsun-Li Chang
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Proceedings Volume 8334, Fourth International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP 2012); 833434 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.956483
Event: Fourth International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP 2012), 2012, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract
Recently, Zhang proposed a reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted image with a low computational complexity which is made up of image encryption, data embedding and data-extraction/image-recovery phases. During the last phase, the embedded data are extracted according to a determined smoothness measuring function on each nonoverlapping block. However, not all pixels in a block are considered in his approach. This may cause higher error rate when extracting embedded data. In this paper, we propose a novel smoothness evaluating scheme to overcome the problem. Based on the Zhang's approach, we divide the pixels in each block into three different portions: four corners, four edges, and the rest of pixels. The smoothness of a whole block is determined by summing the smoothness of three portions and is utilized to extract embedded data and recovery image. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the error rate of data-extraction/image-recovery effectively. For a given normal testing image, such as Lena, supposing that the size of each block is 8 by 8, the error rate of our approach is less than 0.6% and Zhang's method is higher than 12%. Moreover, the error rate will be zero when the size of each block is defined as 12 by 12.
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Wien Hong, Tung-Shou Chen, Han-Yan Wu, and Hsun-Li Chang "An enhanced smoothness evaluation for reversible data hiding in encrypted images", Proc. SPIE 8334, Fourth International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP 2012), 833434 (8 June 2012); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.956483
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KEYWORDS
Image encryption
Data hiding
Image segmentation
Receivers
Image quality
Image restoration
Multimedia encryption
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