Marcelo M. Carvalho
J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves
ABSTRACT
A new modeling framework is introduced for the analytical study of medium access control (MAC) protocols operating in multihop ad hoc networks. The model takes into account the effect of physical-layer parameters on the success of transmissions, the MAC protocol on the likelihood that nodes can access the channnel, and the connectivity of nodes in the network. A key feature of the model is that nodes can be modeled individually, i.e., it allows a per-node setup of many layer-specific parameters. Moreover, no spatial probability distribution or a particular arrangement of nodes is assumed; the model allows the computation of individual (per-node) performance metrics for any given network topology and radio channel model. To show the applicability of the modeling framework, we model multihop ad hoc networks using the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function and validate the results from the model with discrete-event simulations in Qualnet. The results show that our model predicts results that are very close to those attained by simulations, and requires seconds to complete compared to several hours of simulation time.
- R. Gallager, "A perspective on multiaccess channels," IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. IT-31, pp. 124--142, Mar 1985.Google Scholar
- A. Ephremides and B. Hajeck, "Information theory and communication networks: An unconsumated union," IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 44, pp. 2416--2434, Oct 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. M. Carvalho and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "Delay analysis of IEEE 802.11 in single-hop networks," in Proc. of 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP), Atlanta, USA, November 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. Bianchi, "Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 535--547, March 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Scalable Network Technologies, Inc, Qualnet Simulator, Version 3.5.Google Scholar
- N. Abramson, "The ALOHA system---another alternative for computer communications," in AFIPS Conf. Proc. FJCC, 1970, vol. 37, pp. 281--285.Google Scholar
- N. Abramson, "The throughput of packet broadcast channels," IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol. COM-25, no. 1, pp. 117--128, Jan 1977.Google Scholar
- L. Kleinrock and F. A. Tobagi, "Packet switching in radio channels: Part I - carrier sense multiple-access modes and their throughput-delay characteristics," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. COM-23, no. 12, pp. 1400--1416, 1975.Google Scholar
- F. A. Tobagi and L. Kleinrock, "Packet switching in radio channels: Part II - the hidden terminal problem in carrier sense multiple-access modes and the busy-tone solution," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. COM-23, no. 12, pp. 1417--1433, 1975.Google Scholar
- L. G. Roberts, "ALOHA packet system with and without slots and capture," Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 5, pp. 28--42, Apr 1975. Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. Kleinrock and S. S. Lam, "Packet switching in a multiaccess broadcast channel: Performance evaluation," IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol. COM-23, no. 4, pp. 410--423, Apr 1975.Google Scholar
- A. Colvin, "CSMA with collision avoidance," Computer Commun., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 227--235, 1983.Google ScholarDigital Library
- W. F. Lo and H. T. Mouftah, "Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection for radio channels," in IEEE 13th Int'l Commun. and Energy Conf., 1984, pp. 244--247.Google Scholar
- P. Karn, "MACA - a new channel access method for packet radio," in ARRL/CRRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conference, 1990, pp. 134--140.Google Scholar
- V. Barghavan, A. Demers, S. Shenker, and L. Zhang, "MACAW: A media access protocol for wireless LAN's," in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM '94, 1994, pp. 212--225. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. L. Fullmer and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "Floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) for packet-radio networks," in SIGCOMM '95, Cambridge, MA (USA), Aug 1995, pp. 262--273. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. L. Fullmer and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "Solutions to hidden terminal problems in wireless networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 97, Cannes, France, September 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Raychauduri, "Performance analysis of random access packet-switched code division multiple access systems," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-29, no. 6, pp. 895--901, Jun 1981.Google Scholar
- D. H. Davis and S. A. Gronemeyer, "Performance of slotted ALOHA random access with delay capture and randomized time of arrival," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-28, no. 5, pp. 703--710, May 1980.Google Scholar
- M. Musser and J. Daigle, "Throughput analysis of an asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) system," in Proc. ICC'82, Philadelphia, PA, Jun 1982.Google Scholar
- M. Pursley, "Throughput of frequency-hopped spread spectrum communications for packet radio networks," in Proc. 1983 CISS, John Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD, USA, 1983.Google Scholar
- J. C. Arnbak and W. Van Blitterswijk, "Capacity of slotted aloha in rayleigh-fading channels," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. SAC-5, no. 2, pp. 261--269, Feb 1987.Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Cali, M. Conti, and E. Gregori, "Dynamic tuning of the IEEE 802.11 protocol to achieve a theoretical throughput limit," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 785--799, Dec 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Foh and M. Zukerman, "Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol," in Proc. of the European Wireless 2002 Conference, Florence, Italy, February 2002, pp. 184--190.Google Scholar
- H. Kim and J. C. Hou, "Improving protocol capacity with model-based frame scheduling in IEEE 802.11-operated WLANs," in Proc. of the 9th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM), San Diego, CA, USA, Sep 2003, pp. 190--204. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Z. Hadzi-Velkov and B. Spasenovski, "The influence of flat rayleigh fading channel with hidden terminals and capture over the IEEE 802.11 WLANs," in Proc. 54th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 972--976.Google Scholar
- Z. Hadzi-Velkov and B. Spasenovski, "On the capacity of IEEE 802.11 DCF with capture in multipath-faded channels," International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 191--199, July 2002.Google ScholarCross Ref
- I. Gitman, "On the capacity of slotted ALOHA networks and some desigh problems," IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol. COM-23, no. 3, pp. 305--317, Mar 1975.Google Scholar
- F. A. Tobagi, "Analysis of a two-hop centralized packet radio network---part I: Slotted ALOHA," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-28, no. 2, pp. 196--207, Feb 1980.Google Scholar
- F. A. Tobagi, "Analysis of a two-hop centralized packet radio network---part II: Carrier sense multiple access," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-28, no. 2, pp. 208--216, Feb 1980.Google Scholar
- R. R. Boorstyn, A. Kershenbaum, B. Maglaris, and V. Sahin, "Throughput analysis in multihop CSMA packet radio networks," IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol. COM-35, no. 3, pp. 267--274, Mar 1987.Google Scholar
- F. A. Tobagi and J. M. Brazio, "Throughput analysis of multihop packet radio network under various channel access schemes," in Proc. INFOCOM'83, San Diego, CA, Apr 1983.Google Scholar
- T. J. Shepard, "A channel access scheme for large dense packet radio networks," in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM. Aug 1996, pp. 219--230, ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. Chhaya and S. Gupta, "Performance modeling of asynchronous data transfer methods of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol," Wireless Networks, vol. 3, pp. 217--234, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Wang and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "Performance of collision avoidance protocols in single-channel ad hoc networks," in Proc. of 10th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP), Paris, France, Nov 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. Wu and P. Varshney, "Performance analysis of CSMA and BTMA protocols in multihop networks (I). single channel case," Information Sciences, Elsevier Sciences Inc., vol. 120, pp. 159--177, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Gupta and P. R. Kumar, "The capacity of wireless networks," IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 388--400, Mar 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Grossglauser and D. Tse, "Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 477--486, Aug 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Gastpar and M. Vetterli, "On the capacity of mobile ad hoc networks with delay constraints," in Proc. of IEEEINFOCOM, Jun 2002, vol. 3, pp. 1577--1586.Google Scholar
- S. Yi, Y. Pei, and S. Kalyanaraman, "On the capacity improvement of ad hoc wireless networks using directional antennas," in Proc. ACM MobiHoc, Annapolis, USA, Jun 2003, pp. 108--116. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Peraki and S. Servetto, "On the maximum stable throughput problem in random networks with directional antennas," in Proc. ACM MobiHoc, Annapolis, USA, Jun 2003, pp. 76--87. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Toumpis and A. J. Goldsmith, "Capacity regions for wireless ad hoc networks," IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 736--748, Jul 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Moraes, H. Sadjadpour, and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "Making ad-hoc networks scale using mobility and multi-copy forwarding," in Proc. of IEEE Globecom, Nov 2004, To appear.Google Scholar
- A. El Gamal, E. Uysal, and B. Prabhakar, "Energy-efficient transmission over a wireless link via lazy packet scheduling," in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, Apr 2001, vol. 1, pp. 386--394.Google Scholar
- A. Fu, E. Modiano, and J. Tsitsiklis, "Transmission scheduling over a fading channel with energy and deadline constraints," in Proc. Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, Mar 2002.Google Scholar
- L. Tong, Q. Zhao, and G. Mergen, "Multipacket reception in random access wireless networks: From signal processing to optimal medium access control," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 108--112, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Maharshi, L. Tong, and A. Swami, "Cross-layer designs of multichannel reservation mac under rayleigh fading," IEEE/ACM Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 2054--2067, Aug 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Zorzi, "Mobile radio slotted ALOHA with capture, diversity and retransmission control in the presence of shadowing," Wireless Networks, vol. 4, pp. 379--388, Aug 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. H. Kim and J. K. Lee, "Capture effects of wireless csma/ca protocols in rayleigh and shadow fading channels," IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 1277--1286, Mar 1999.Google Scholar
- Gordon L. Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communication, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. T. Lau and C. Leung, "Capture models for mobile packet radio networks," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 917--925, May 1992.Google ScholarCross Ref
- F. A. Tobagi, "Modeling and performance analysis of multihop packet radio networks," Proc. IEEE, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 135--155, Jan 1987.Google ScholarCross Ref
- IEEE Standard for Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Nov 1997, P802.11.Google Scholar
- S. J. Oh and K. M. Wasserman, "Dynamic spreading gain control in multiservice CDMA networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 918--927, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Tse and S. Hanly, "Linear multiuser receivers: Effective interference, effective bandwidth and user capacity," IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 641--657, Mar 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, Matrix Computations, The John Hopkins University Press, third edition, 1996.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- A scalable model for channel access protocols in multihop ad hoc networks
Recommendations
Modeling of collision avoidance protocols in single-channel multihop wireless networks
Although there has been considerable work on the performance evaluation of collision avoidance schemes, most analytical work is confined to single-hop ad hoc networks or networks with very few hidden terminals. We present the first analytical model to ...
Performance evaluation and simulations of routing protocols in ad hoc networks
BWAN '06: Proceedings of the 2006 workshop on Broadband wireless access for ubiquitous networkingA mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes communicating with each other using multi-hop wireless links without any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. In recent years, a variety of routing ...
Performance evaluation and simulations of routing protocols in ad hoc networks
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes communicating with each other using multi-hop wireless links without any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. In recent years, a variety of routing ...
Comments