ABSTRACT
A common requirement of many Internet services is to send exactly the same data to a number of hosts at the same time. Without IP-level multicast, this form of group communication is realized by unicasting the data to each desired host. Although this approach is portable and easy to implement, it is extremely inefficient for the sending host. In this paper, we propose a kernel-based technique to efficiently facilitate unicast send operations for group communication with only minimal additions to the sending operating system interface and implementation. We present the design and prototype implementation of our approach and experimentally demonstrate the significant performance improvements it provides. Additionally, we conduct experiments to decompose the processing costs in the network stack and show that the biggest cost reductions are not necessarily due to reduced memory copying.
- A. Abdelkhalek, A. Bilas, and A. Moshovos. Behavior and performance of interactive multi-player game servers. Cluster Computing, 6(4):355--366, Oct. 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Ammar, K. Almeroth, R. Clark, and Z. Fei. Multicast delivery of web pages or how to make web servers pushy. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Internet Server Performance, Madison, Wisconsin, June 1998.Google Scholar
- S. Banerjee, B. Bhattacharjee, and C. Kommareddy. Scalable application layer multicast. Technical Report UMIACS TR-2002, University of Maryland, 2002.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Chu, S. Rao, and H. Zhang. A case for end system multicast. In Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS, ages 1--12, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Deering. Multicast routing in internetworks and extended lans. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, pages 55--64, August 1988. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Diot and L. Guatier. A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the Internet. IEEE Network, 13(4):6--15, August 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Diot, B. Levine, B. Lyles, H. Kassem, and D. Balensiefen. Deployment issues for the IP multicast service and architecture. IEEE Network, 14(1):78--88, January 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Z. Ditta, G. Parulkar, and J. C. Jr. The APIC approach to high performance network interface design: Protected and other techniques. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, volume 2, pages 7--11, April 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Francis. Yoid: Your own Internet distribution, April 2000. http://www.aciri.org/yoid.Google Scholar
- A. Gallatin, J. Chase, and K. Yocum. Trapeze/IP: TCP/IP at near-gigabit speeds. In Proceedings of USENIX Technical Conference (Freenix Track), pages 109--120, June 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Jannotti, D. Gifford, K. Johnson, M. Kaashoek, and J. O'Toole, Jr. Overcast: Reliable multicasting with an overlay network. In Proceedings of Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI), pages 197--212, October 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Kay and J. Pasquale. Profiling and reducing processing overheads in TCP/IP. IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking, 4(6):817--828, 1996. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Khalidi and M. Thadani. An efficient zero-copy I/O framework for UNIX. Technical Report SMLI TR95-39, Sun Microsystems Lab, May 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Macedonia, M. Zyda, D. Pratt, P. Barham, and S. Zeswitz. NPSNET: A network software architecture for large scale virtual environments. Presence, 3(4):265--287, 1994.Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. McCanne and V. Jacobson. vic: A flexible framework for packet video. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia, pages 511--522, January 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Pendarakis, S. Shi, D. Verma, and M. Waldvogel. ALMI: An application level multicast infrastructure. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS), pages 49--60, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- I. Stoica, D. Adkins, S. Zhuang, S. Shenker, and S. Surana. Internet indirection infrastructure. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, pages 73--88, August 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Efficient operating system support for group unicast
Recommendations
Bandwidth-allocation policies for unicast and multicast flows
Using multicast delivery to multiple receivers reduces the aggregate bandwidth required from the network compared to using unicast delivery to each receiver. However, multicast is not yet widely deployed in the Internet. One reason is the lack of ...
A decentralised-control protocol for Source Specific Multicast
A novel Source Specific Multicast (SSM) protocol, called Scalable Recursive Multicast (SREM) is proposed. Unlike existing SSM protocols, which in general use the source-centralised control mechanism, SREM is a decentralised-control multicast scheme. A ...
Comments