ABSTRACT
Flash memory based embedded systems are becoming increasingly prevalent. Garbage collection mechanism is a critical issue in these systems, especially in embedded real-time systems. Therefore, in this article, we discuss the influence of the capacity utilization (percentage of fullness) of the flash memory on allocating and recycling, and propose a new flash memory management technique, namely PETFM. The proposed technique improves the performance of garbage collection mechanism by allocating free pages from different allocated-blocks for data to be updated, based on their predicted expiry-time. The analytical and experimental results show that garbage collection of PETFM is more efficient and effective under high capacity utilization in embedded real-time systems.
- Bez R, Camerlenghi E, Modelli A, Visconti A, "Introduction to Flash Memory," In Proceedings of the IEEE, 2003, 91(4):489--502.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chiang M L, Paul C H, Chang R C, "Manage flash memory in personal communicate devices," In Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, 1997:177--182.Google Scholar
- "Datasheet of Samsung K9F1208ROB NAND flash," 2004, Samsung Electronics Company.Google Scholar
- F. Douglis, F. Kaashoek, B. Marsh, R. Caceres, K. Li, and J. Tauber, "Storage alternatives for mobile computers," In Proceedings of 1994 Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, pp. 25--37, November 1994. Google ScholarDigital Library
- "FTL Logger Exchanging Data with FTL Systems," Intel Corporation.Google Scholar
- "JFFS: The Journalling Flash File System," http://sources.redhat.com/jffs2/jffs2-html/.Google Scholar
- Kawaguchi A, Nishioka S, Motoda H, "A flash memory based file system," In Proceedings of the USENIX Technical Conference, 1995:155--164. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kim H J, Lee S G, "A new flash memory management for flash storage system," In Proceedings of the Computer Software and Applications Conference, 1999:284--289. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Keun Soo Yim, Jihong Kim, Kern Koh, "A Fast Start-Up Technique for Flash Memory Based Computing Systems," In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Santa Fe, USA, 2005:843--849 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Li-Pin Chang, Tei-Wei Kuo, "An efficient management scheme for large-scale flash-memory storage systems," In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2004:14--17. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Li-Pin Chang, Tei-Wei Kuo, Shi-Wu Lo, "Real-time garbage collection for flash-memory storage systems of real-time embedded systems," ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, 2004, 3(4):837--863. Google ScholarDigital Library
- "NAND flash-memory datasheet and SmartMedia data book," Samsung Electronics, 2002.Google Scholar
- "Understanding the Flash Translation Layer (FTL) Specification," Intel Corporation.Google Scholar
- Wu C H, Chang L P, Kuo T W, "An efficient r-tree implementation over flash memory storage systems," In Proceedings of the ACM 11th International Symposium on Advances on Geographic Information Systems, 2003:17--24. Google ScholarDigital Library
- CH Wu, TW Kuo, LP Chang, "Efficient Initialization and Crash Recovery for Log-based File Systems over Flash Memory," In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Dijon, France, 2006:23--27. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Flash memory management based on predicted data expiry-time in embedded real-time systems
Recommendations
Real-time garbage collection for flash-memory storage systems of real-time embedded systems
Flash-memory technology is becoming critical in building embedded systems applications because of its shock-resistant, power economic, and nonvolatile nature. With the recent technology breakthroughs in both capacity and reliability, flash-memory ...
Hot-LSNs distributing wear-leveling algorithm for flash memory
Special section on ESTIMedia'12, LCTES'11, rigorous embedded systems design, and multiprocessor system-on-chip for cyber-physical systemsFlash memory offers attractive features, such as non-volatile, shock resistance, fast access and low power consumption for data storage. However, it has one main drawback of requiring an erase before updating the contents. Furthermore, the flash memory ...
Comments