ABSTRACT
This investigation examines recent literature from management science, social computing and design to develop a framework for understanding the mechanisms that would enable open innovation platforms to more effectively address the most pressing areas of human need reported and reportable by such systems. The many challenges that must be overcome to solve the creative, ethical, and strategic focus problems implicit in existing open innovation systems are described. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for research on such systems, including how highly contextual end-user needs can be satisfied to encourage entrepreneurship and market success. This will only be possible if participants contributing to open innovation systems are enabled to leverage the power of the system for themselves, leading to increasingly open innovation environments.
- Ackerman, M. S., and Malone, T. W. 1990. Answer Garden: a tool for growing organizational memory," proc. Conference on Office Information Systems. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ackerman, M. S. 1998. Augmenting Organizational Memory: a field study of answer garden. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 16, no. 3 (July 1998). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Amabile, T. M. 1996. Creativity in Context, Westview Press.Google Scholar
- Ancona, D. G., and Caldwell, D. F. 1992. Bridging the Boundary: External Activity and Performance in Organizational Teams, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 37, no. 4 (December 1992), pp. 634--665.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Barrow, L. H., 2010. Encouraging Creativity with Scientific Inquiry, Creative Education.Google Scholar
- Bayus, B. L. 2010. Crowdsourcing and Individual Creativity Over Time: The Detrimental Effects of Past Success. Online at http://public.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/faculty/bayusb/Web Page/Papers/Bayus-Crowdsourcing(8-26-10).pdf, accessed 11/15/2010Google Scholar
- Biewald, L. 2010. Massive Multiplayer Human Computation for Fun, Money, and Survival, XRDS (Winter 2010). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Billman, D., Convertino, G., Shrager, J., Pirolli, P., and Massar, J. 2006. Collaborative intelligence analysis with CACHE and its effects on information gathering and cognitive bias, Human Computer Interaction Consortium Workshop.Google Scholar
- Börner, K. 2001. Adaptation and Evaluation of 3-Dimensional Collaborative Information Visualizations, User Modeling: Workshop Proc. of EEAS (July 2001), pp. 33--40.Google Scholar
- Boudreau, K. and Lakhani, K. 2009. How to Manage Outside Innovation, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Summer 2009).Google Scholar
- Brabham, D. 2008. Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving, Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 75--90Google ScholarCross Ref
- Brewer, I., MacEachren, A. M., Abdo, H., Gundrum, J. and Otto, G. 2000. "Collaborative Geographic Visualization: Enabling shared understanding of environmental processes," IEEE Information Visualization Symposium, Salt Lake City Utah, Oct. 9-10, pp. 137--141. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brown, T. 2008. Design Thinking, Harvard Business Review (June 2008).Google Scholar
- Buchanan, R. 1992. Wicked Problems in Design Thinking, Design Issues, vol. 8, no. 2 (Spring 1992) pp. 5--21.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chaordix, 2011. Why Crowdsource? http://www.chaordix.com/why-crowdsourceGoogle Scholar
- Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., and West J. (eds.), 2006. Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- CoMotion, General Dynamics C4 Systems, online at http://www.gdc4s.com/content/detail.cfm?item=32341561-76f9-40f8-8ad5-0f0d66dd240e, accessed 12/12/2010Google Scholar
- Constant, D, Sproull, L., and Kiesler, 1996. "The Kindness of Strangers: The Usefulness of Electronic Weak Ties for Technical Advice," Organization Science, vol. 7, no. 2.Google Scholar
- Convertino, G., Mentis, H. M., Rosson, M. B., Carroll, J. M., Slavkovic, A. & Ganoe, C. H. 2008. Articulating Common Ground in Cooperative Work: Content and Process, Proc. CHI, pp. 1637--1646. Google ScholarDigital Library
- De Bono, E. 1970. Lateral Thinking: Creativity Step By Step, Harper Perennial.Google Scholar
- Edelson, D. C., Pea, R. D., and Gomez, L. 1995. Constructivism in the Collaboratory, in B. G. Wilson (ed.), Constructivist Learning Environments: Case studies in instructional design, Educational Technology Publications.Google Scholar
- Faste, R. 1987. Perceiving Needs, SAE Journal, Society of Automotive Engineers, online at http://www.fastefoundation.org/publications/perceiving_needs.pdf, accessed 12/01/2010Google Scholar
- Faste, R. 1993. An Improved Model for Understanding Creativity and Convention, in Cary A. Fisher (ed.), ASME Resource Guide to Innovation in Engineering Design, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New YorkGoogle Scholar
- Faste, R. 1994. Ambidextrous Thinking, Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Curricula for the 1990s, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Google Scholar
- Faste, R. 1995. A Visual Essay on Invention and Innovation. Keynote Article, Design Management Journal, vol. 6, no. 2 (Spring 1995).Google Scholar
- Felstiner, A. 2010. Working the Crowd: Employment and Labor Law in the Crowdsourcing Industry, online at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1593853, accessed 12/10/2010.Google Scholar
- Felstiner, A. 2010. Sweatshop or Paper Route?: Child Labor Laws and In-Game Work, CrowdConf, 2010, online at http://crowdconf.com/images/finalpapers/felstiner.pdf, accessed 12/10/2010.Google Scholar
- Fischer, G., Grudin, J., McCall, R., Ostwald, J., Redmiles, D., Reeves, B., and Shipman, F. 2001. Seeding, Evolutionary Growth and Reseeding: The Incremental Development of Collaborative Design Environments, in Gary M. Olson, Thomas W. Malone, and John B. Smith (eds.), Coordination Theory and Collaboration Technology, Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
- Fitzgerald, B., Oi, I. 2004. Free Culture: Cultivating the Creative Commons. Media and Arts Law Review.Google Scholar
- Forlizzi, J. and Battarbee, K. 2004. Understanding Experience in Interactive Systems, Proc. DIS. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Forster, F. 2008. Distributed Creative Problem Solving over the Web, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gero, J. and Maher, M. L., 1993. Modeling Creativity and Knowledge-Based Creative Design, Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gouldner, A. W. 1960. The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement, American Sociological Review, vol. 25, no. 2 (April 1960).Google ScholarCross Ref
- Halsted, C. 2010. Design as cultural imperialism, homogenization and biased intellectual capital?, OpenIDEO posting, online at http://openideo.com/open/what-is-the-global-challenge-that-most-concerns-you-right-now-and-that-global-innovation-leaders-could-begin-to-solve/agenda-concepts/design-as-cultural-imperialism-homogenization-and-intellectual-capital/, accessed 12/9/2010Google Scholar
- Hargadon, A., and Sutton, R. I. 1997. Technology Brokering and Innovation in a Product Development Firm, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 42.Google Scholar
- Heer, J., and Agrawala, M. 2007. Design considerations for collaborative visual analytics, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Howe, J. 2008. Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd is Driving the Future of Business, Three Rivers Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Keel, P. 2007. EWall: A Visual Analytics Environment for Collaborative Sensemaking, Information Visualization, vol. 6, pp. 48--63. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kelley, T., Littman, J. and Peters, T. 2001. The Art of Innovation: Lessons in Creativity from IDEO, America's Leading Design Firm, Crown Business.Google Scholar
- Kim, A. J., 2000. Community building on the web: Secret strategies for successful online communities, Peachpit Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kleemann, F., and Rieder, K. 2008. Un(der)paid Innovators: The Commercial Utilization of Consumer Work through Crowdsourcing, Science, Technology & Innovation Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1 (July 2008).Google Scholar
- Kogut, B., and Metiu, A. 2001. Open Source Software Development and Distributed Innovation, Oxford Review of Economic Policy.Google Scholar
- Kvan, T. 2000. Collaborative Design: What is it?, Automation in Construction, vol. 9, no. 4 (July 2000).Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lakhani, K. R., and von Hippel, E. 2003. How open source software works: 'free' user-to-user assistance, Research Policy, vol. 32, pp. 923--943.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lakhani, K. and Panetta, J. 2007. The Principles of Distributed Innovation, Innovations, vol 2., no. 3 (Summer 2007) pp. 97--112.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Langrish, J. 1982. Cycles of Optimism in Design, Design Studies, vol. 3, no. 3 (July 1982) pp. 153--156.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Laurel, B. (ed.). 2003. Design Research: Methods and Perspectives, MIT Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Leonardi, P. 2011 (in press). Innovation Blindness: Culture, Frames, and Cross-Boundary Problem Construction in The Development of New Technology Concepts, Organization Science. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lessig, L. 2004. Free Culture, Penguin.Google Scholar
- Mark, G., Carpenter, K. and Kobsa, A. 2003. A Model of Synchronous Collaborative Information Visualization, Sixth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV03), London, England, pp. 373--381. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mark, G., Carpenter, K., and Kobsa, A. 2004. Are There Benefits in Seeing Double? A study of collaborative information visualization, Proc. CHI, pp. 840--841 Google ScholarDigital Library
- McKim, R. 1980. Experiences in Visual Thinking, Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
- Miller, J., Friedman, B., Jancke, G., and Gill, B. 2007. Value Tensions in Design: The Value Sensitive Design, Development, and Appropriation of a Corporation's Groupware System, Proc. GROUP'07. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Moran, G. 2010. The Mob Scene: How can crowdsourcing work for your business?, Entrepreneur Magazine.Google Scholar
- Nagasundaram, M., and Bostrom, R. P. 1994. The structuring of creative processes using GSS: a framework for research, Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 11, no. 3 (December 1994). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nathan, L. P., Klasnja, P. V., and Friedman, B. 2007. Value Scenarios: A Technique for Envisioning Systemic Effects of New Technologies, Proc. CHI. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nelson, L., Held, C., Pirolli, P., Hong, L., Schiano, D., and Chi, E. H. 2009. With a Little Help From My Friends: examining the impact of social annotations in sensemaking tasks, Proc. CHI. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Niedner, S., Hertel, G., Hermann, S. 2000. Motivation in Open Source Projects: An Empirical Study Among Linux Developers, summary at http://www.psychologie.uni-kiel.de/linux-studyGoogle Scholar
- Nijstad, B. A., Diehl, M. and Stroebe, W. 2003. Cognitive Stimulation and Interference in Idea-Generating Groups, in Paul B. Paulus and Bernard Arjan Nijstad (eds.), Group Creativity: innovation through collaboration, Oxford.Google Scholar
- Patnaik, D., and Becker, R. 1999. Needfinding: The Why and How of Uncovering People's Needs, Design Management Journal (Spring 1999).Google Scholar
- Patnaik, D. 2010. Forget Design Thinking and Try Hybrid Thinking, Fast Company (August 25, 2009) online at http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/dev-patnaik/innovation/forget-design-thinking-and-try-hybrid-thinking, accessed 12/11/2010Google Scholar
- Patnaik, D. 2009. Wired to Care: How Companies Prosper When They Create Widespread Empathy, FT Press.Google Scholar
- Peters, T. J., and Waterman, R. H. 2004. In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America's Best-Run Companies, Harper Business Essentials.Google Scholar
- Pirolli, P. 2009. An Elementary Social Information Foraging Model, Proc. CHI. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Preece, J. 2000. Online Communities: Designing Usability and Supporting Sociability, Wiley Google ScholarDigital Library
- Riggs, W, and von Hippel, E. 1994. Incentives to Innovate and the Sources of Innovation: The Case of Scientific Instruments, Research Policy.Google Scholar
- Robinson, K. 2001. Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, Capstone.Google Scholar
- Ross, J., Irani, L., Silberman, M. S., Zaldivar, A., Tomlinson, B. 2010. Who are the Crowdworkers? Shifting Demographics in Mechanical Turk, Proc. CHI extended abstracts, pp. 2863--2872. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sawant, N., Scharver, C., Leigh, J., Johnson, A., Reinhart, G., Creel, E., Batchu, S., Bailey, S. and Grossman, R. 2000. The Tele-Immersive Data Explorer: A Distributed Architecture for Collaborative Interactive Visualization of Large Data-sets, 4th International Immersive Projection Technology Workshop, Ames, Iowa.Google Scholar
- Shedroff, N. 2009. Design Is the Problem: The Future of Design Must be Sustainable, Rosenfeld Media.Google Scholar
- Shockley, B. 2006. A Short History of Idea Management and What Makes it Work, http://www.innovationtools.com/PDF/History_of_Idea_Mgmt.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Silberman, M., Irani, L., Ross, J. 2010. Ethics and Tactics of Professional Crowdwork, XRDS, vol. 17, no. 2 (Winter 2010). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stasko, J., Görg C., and Liu, Z. 2008. Jigsaw: supporting investigative analysis through interactive visualization, Information Visualization, vol. 7, pp. 118--132. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sternberg, R., and Lubart, T. 1999. Defying the Crowd: Cultivating Creativity in a Culture of Conformity, Free Press.Google Scholar
- Sutton, R. 2007. Weird Ideas That Work: How to Build a Creative Company, Free Press, 2007Google Scholar
- Swan, J, Newell, S., Scarbrough, H. and Hislop, D. 1999. Knowledge Management and Innovation: Networks and Networking, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 262--275Google ScholarCross Ref
- Viégas, F., Wattenberg, M., Kriss, J., and van Ham, F. 2007. Talk Before You Type: Coordination in Wikipedia, Proc. 40th Hawaii International Conference of System Sciences, Computer Society Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- von Hippel, E. 2005. Democratizing Innovation, MIT Press.Google Scholar
- Wang, H.-C., Cosley, D., and Fussell, S. R. 2010. Idea Expander: Supporting group brainstorming with conversationally triggered visual thinking stimuli, Proc. ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wheless, G. H., Lascara, C. M., Cox, D., Patterson, R., Levy, S., Johnson, A., Leigh, J., and Kapoor, A., 1999. The Use of Collaborative Virtual Environments in the Mine Countermeasures Mission," proc. SPIE, vol. 3711.Google Scholar
- Whitla, P. 2009. Crowdsourcing and Its Application in Marketing Activities, Contemporary Management Research, Vol. 5, No. 1 (March 2009) pp. 15--28.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wright, P. and McCarthy, J. 2008. Empathy and Experience in HCI, Proc. CHI. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wright, B., Payne, J., Steckman, M., and Stevson, S. 2009. Palantir: A visualization platform for real-world analysis, Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST).Google Scholar
- Zittrain, J. 2008. Ubiquitous Human Computing, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Opening "open" innovation
Recommendations
Information technology and open innovation
Advances in information technology (IT) have enabled firms to increasingly rely on open innovation. Although researchers and practitioners are interested in this phenomenon, there is a lack of theoretically driven research on how IT impacts ...
Open innovation in secondary software firms: an exploration of managers' perceptions of open source software
Open source software (OSS) is probably the best known exemplar of open innovation, with many practitioner-oriented publications having debated the merits and drawbacks of OSS in recent years. Nevertheless, much of the academic research on OSS has ...
IT impact on open innovation performance: Insights from a large-scale empirical investigation
AbstractMotivated by prior inconclusive findings on the effectiveness of open innovation initiatives in generating business value and the complexity of open innovation, this study draws on the IT-enabled organizational capabilities perspective to propose ...
Highlights- IT impact on open innovation initiatives and open innovation performance.
- Large scale sample of >1100 large firms in Spain.
- Firms' IT resources enable the execution of open innovation initiatives.
- The business value of IT by ...
Comments