ABSTRACT
In this study, we derive novel intra-body path loss channel models for wave propagation in wireless capsule endoscopy, i.e., propagation through the gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal wall. We formulate an adaptive attenuation parameter as a function of permittivity, conductivity and the thickness of various layers between the transmitter and the receiver. The standard deviation of modelling error of the path loss using our adaptive channel model is smaller than 50% of that of existing channel models. We further analyse the sensitivity of the path loss model to the variations of thickness of different abdominal wall layers. We finally show that the thickness of the fat layer has the greatest influence on the total attenuation parameter of the path loss model and therefore, we modify our adaptive model accordingly.
- Than T. D., Alici G., Zhou H. and Li W., "A review of localization systems for robotic endoscopic capsules," IEEE Transactionson Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 59, No. 9, 2387--2399, 2012.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Salerno M., Ciuti G., Lucarini G., Rizzo R., Valdastri P., Menciassi A., Landi A. and Dario P., "A discrete-time localization method for capsule endoscopy based on on-board magnetic sensing," Measurement Science and Technology Vol. 23, 015701, 2012.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fischer D., "Capsule endoscopy: The localization system," Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clin, North Amer., Vol. 14, 25--31, 2004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Basar M. R., Malek F., Juni K. M., Saleh M. I. M., Idris M. S. and Mohamed L., "The use of a human body model to determine the variation of path losses in the human body channel in wireless capsule endoscopy," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 133, 495--513, 2013.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lopez-Linares Roman K., Vermeeren G., Thielens A., Joseph W. and Martens L., "Characterization of path loss and absorption for a wireless radio frequency link between an in-body endoscopy capsule and a receiver outside the body," EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol. 21, 2014.Google Scholar
- Kurup D., Joseph W., Vermeeren G., Martens L., "Path loss model for in-body communication in homogeneous human muscle tissue," Electronics Letters, Vol. 45, No. 9, 453--454, 2009.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Xu L. S., Meng M. Q. H. and Chan Y. W., "Effects of Dielectric Parameters of Human Body on Radiation Characteristics of Ingestible Wireless Device at Operating Frequency of 430 MHz," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 56, No. 8, 2083--94, 2009.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Støa S., Chavez-Santiago R. and Balasingham I., "An Ultra Wideband Communication Channel Model for the Human Abdominal Region," GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), 246--250, 2010.Google Scholar
- Sayrafian-Pour K., Yang W.-B., Hagedorn J., Terrill J. and Yazdandoost K. Y., "A statistical path loss model for medical implant communication channels," IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2995--2999, 13-16 Sept. 2009.Google Scholar
- S. Nadimi E. and Tarokh V., "Bayesian source localization in networks with heterogeneous transmission medium," Navigation (Washington), Vol. 59, No. 3, 163--175, 2012.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Gabriel C., "Compilation of the Dielectric Properties of Body Tissues at RF and Microwave Frequencies," Report N. AL/OE-TR- 1996-0037, Occupational and environmental health directorate, Radiofrequency Radiation Division, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas (USA), 1996.Google Scholar
- Theilmann P. T., Tassoudji M. A., Teague E. H., Kimball D. F. and Asbeck P. M., "Computationally efficient model for UWB signal attenuation due to propagation in tissue for biomedical implants," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 38, 1--22, 2012.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. H. Ramezani, V. Blanes-Vidal, and E. S. Nadimi, "An Adaptive Path Loss Channel Model for Wave Propagation in Multilayer Transmission Medium," Progress in Electromagnetics Research (PIER), Vol. 150, pp. 1--12, 2015.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Orfanidis S. J., Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas, 1999.Google Scholar
- Takizawa K., Hagiwara H. and Hamaguchi K., "Path-loss Estimation of Wireless Channels in Capsule Endoscopy from X-ray CT images," 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Boston, Massachusetts USA, August 30 - September 3, 2011.Google Scholar
- Zhao J., Liao D. and McMahon B. P., "Functional luminal imaging probe geometric and histomorphologic analysis of abdominal wall wound induced by different trocars in pigs," Surg Endosc, Vol. 23, 1004--1012, 2009.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Adaptive intra-body channel modeling of attenuation coefficient using transmission line theory
Recommendations
Nano-Sensor Modelling for Intra-Body Nano-Networks
AbstractIn this work, the author has evaluated the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside the human tissue such as blood, skin and fat for single-path and multi-path layers according to nano sensor transmit power calculations. In particular, the ...
Path Loss Model and Channel Capacity for UWB---MIMO Channel in Outdoor Environment
A demand for high speed wireless communication system has increased tremendously. Two approaches for fulfilling this demand are to use system with large bandwidth as proposed by ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, or by adopting multiple-input multiple-output ...
Feasibility study and spatial–temporal characteristics analysis for 28 GHz outdoor wireless channel modelling
This study presents analyses of the feasibility for the 28 GHz band with a comprehensive overview of important channel parameters. A channel measurement system with a time synchronisation scheme is also introduced which is a sliding correlator channel ...
Comments