ABSTRACT
The process by which norms are developed to become policies, the normative decision-making process, is not often explicit to stakeholders of Open Source Software (OSS) projects. Understanding the normative decision-making process is crucial for members if such projects are to evolve and succeed. In this paper, we investigated aspects of the normative decision-making processes of OSS development through the use of Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs). We compared extracted process models with those that are advertised by the Python community to evaluate the extent to which those processes overlap. In addition, we assess members' involvement and contribution to these processes. Our work used structural and behavioral analysis techniques, and social network analysis metrics. We found that there were differences between the extracted processes and Python's advertised process, with the extracted processes being significantly more complex. These differences also extended to granular models used for managing social and technical aspects of the Python project. Furthermore, some key members were largely responsible for PEPs' success. Our extracted models could go a far way in helping the Python community to quickly understand decision-making processes in Python.
- Crowston, K., Wei, K., Howison, J., and Wiggins, A., Free/Libre Open-Source Software Development: What We Know and What We Do Not Know. ACM Computing Surveys, 44, 2 (2012). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fitzgerald, B., Open Source Software Adoption: Anatomy of Success and Failure. International Journal of Open Source Software & Processes, 1, 1 (2011), 1--23.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Stroll, A., Norms. Dialectica, 41, 1, (1987), 7--22.Google Scholar
- Ullmann-Margalit, E., The Emergence of Norms. OUP Catalogue (2015).Google Scholar
- Dam, H. K., Savarimuthu, B. T. R., Avery, D., and Ghose, A., Mining Software Repositories for Social Norms. In 37th ICSE (Florence, Italy, 2015), IEEE, 627--630. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Savarimuthu, B. T. R., and Dam, H. K., Towards Mining Norms in Open Source Software Repositories. in Agents and Data Mining Interaction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2014), 26--39. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Singh, M. P., Norms as a Basis for Governing Sociotechnical Systems. ACM Trans. on Intel. Sys. & Tech., 5, 1 (2013), 21. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Baxter, G., and Sommerville, I., Socio-Technical Systems: From Design Methods to Systems Engineering. Interacting with Computers, 23, 1 (2011), 4--17. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Andrighetto, G., Villatoro. D., and Conte, R., Norm Dynamics Within the Mind. in Computational Social Sciences. Springer International Publishing Switzerland (2014), 141--160.Google Scholar
- Axelrod, R., An Evolutionary Approach to Norms. American Political Science Review, 80, 4 (1986), 1095--1111.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Epstein, J. M., Learning to Be Thoughtless: Social Norms and Individual Computation. Computational Economics, 18, 1 (2001), 9--24. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Conley, C. A., and Sproull, L., Design for Quality: The Case of Open Source Software Development. Ph.D Dissertation. New York University, Grad. Sch. of Bus. Admin. (2008). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jensen, C., and Scacchi, W., Modeling Recruitment and Role Migration Processes in OSSD Projects. ProSim05, (2005), 39.Google Scholar
- Jensen, C., and Scacchi, W., Governance in Open Source Software Development Projects: A Comparative Multi-Level Analysis. Open Source Software: New Horizons. Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2010), 130--142.Google Scholar
- Murray, P., Governance in Open Source Software Projects. Lyrass, Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20111007034152/http://www.lyrasis.org/Resources/Articles/Governance-in-Open-Source-Software-Projects.aspxGoogle Scholar
- Ljungberg, J., Open Source Movements as a Model for Organising. European Journal of Information Systems, 9, 4 (2000), 208--216. Google ScholarDigital Library
- The Apache Software Foundation., How the ASF Works. (2011), Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20111006032712/http://www.apache.org/foundation/how-it-works.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Hansson, S. O., Decision Theory: A Brief Introduction. Department of Philosophy and the History of Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm (1994).Google Scholar
- Rapoport, A., Problems of Normative and Descriptive Decision Theories. Mathematical Social Sciences, 27, 1 (1994), 31--47.Google Scholar
- Greenberg, J. Behavior in Organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2011.Google Scholar
- Mintzberg, H. The Nature of Managerial Work. Harper and Row, New York, 1973.Google Scholar
- Bonito, J. Interaction and Influence in Small Group Decision Making. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.Google Scholar
- Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., and Osborn, R. N., Organizational Behavior. New York, NY: Wiley, 2011.Google Scholar
- Janis, I. L., Groupthink and Group Dynamics: A Social Psychological Analysis of Defective Policy Decisions. Policy Studies Journal, 2, 1 (1973), 19--25.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bordley, R. F., A Bayesian Model of Group Polarization. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32 (1983), 262--274.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Crowston, K., Wei, K., Li, Q., Howison, J., Core and Periphery in Free/Libre and Open Source Software Team Communications. In 39th HICSS (Hawaii, USA, 2006), IEEE, 118.1. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Crowston, K., and Howison, J., Hierarchy and Centralization in Free and Open Source Software Team Communications. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 18, 4 (2006), 65--85.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Licorish, S. A., and MacDonell, S. G., Communication and Personality Profiles of Global Software Developers. Information and Science Technology, 64 (2015), 113--131. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Licorish, S. A. and MacDonell, S. G., The true role of active communicators: an empirical study of Jazz core developers. In 17th EASE2013 (Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, 2013). ACM, 228--239. Google ScholarDigital Library
- van der Aalst, W. Process Mining: Discovery, Conformance and Enhancement of Business Processes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- van Dongen, B. F., de Medeiros, A. K. A., Verbeek, H., Weijters, A., and van der Aalst, W. M., The ProM Framework: A New Era in Process Mining Tool Support. Applications and Theory of Petri Nets, Springer (2005), 444--454. Google ScholarDigital Library
- van Dongen, B. F., and Adriansyah, A., Process Mining: Fuzzy Clustering and Performance Visualization. Business Process Management Workshops, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2010), 158--169.Google Scholar
- Eisenberg, R., de Leon, M. P., and Cohen, G., Comparative Structural Analysis of Glycoprotein Gd of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2. Journal of Virology, 35, 2 (1980), 428--435.Google Scholar
- Liu, Y., Muller, S., and Xu, Ke., A Static Compliance-Checking Framework for Business Process Models. IBM Systems Journal, 46, 2 (2007), 335--361. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Burman, P. J. Precedence Networks for Project Planning and Control. London: McGraw-Hill, 1972.Google Scholar
- Shiokawa, H., Fujiwara, Y., and Onizuka, M., Fast Algorithm for Modularity-Based Graph Clustering. In 27th AAAI (Bellevue, Washington, 2013), AAAI Digital Library, 1170--1176. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Clauset, A, Newman, M. E., Moore, C., Finding Community Structure in very Large Networks. Physical Review, 70, 6 (2014).Google Scholar
- Sabidussi, G., The Centrality of a Graph. Psychometrika, 31, 4 (1966), 581--603.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Licorish, S. A., Philpott, A. and MacDonell, S. G. Supporting agile team composition: A prototype tool for identifying personality (In)compatibilities. In ICSE CHASE 2009, (Vancouver, Canada, 2009). IEEE Computer Society, 66--73. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Licorish, S. A. and MacDonell, S. G. Self-organising Roles in Agile Globally Distributed Teams. In 24th ACIS 2013, (Melbourne, Australia, 2013). ACIS, 1--11.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Exploring decision-making processes in Python
Comments