skip to main content

Algorithm 976: Bertini_real: Numerical Decomposition of Real Algebraic Curves and Surfaces

Published:14 July 2017Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Bertini_real is a compiled command line program for numerically decomposing the real portion of a positive-dimensional complex component of an algebraic set. The software uses homotopy continuation to solve a series of systems via regeneration from a witness set to compute a cell decomposition. The implemented decomposition algorithms are similar to the well-known cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) first established by Collins in that they produce a set of connected cells. In contrast to the CAD, Bertini_real produces cells with midpoints connected to boundary points by homotopies, which can easily be numerically tracked. Furthermore, the implemented decomposition for surfaces naturally yields a triangulation. This CAD-like decomposition captures the topological information and permits further computation on the real sets, such as sampling, visualization, and three-dimensional printing.

Skip Supplemental Material Section

Supplemental Material

References

  1. L. Alberti, G. Comte, and B. Mourrain. 2005. Meshing implicit algebraic surfaces: The smooth case. In Mathematical Methods for Curves and Surfaces. Tromso, 4, 11--26.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. H. Alt. 1923. Über die Erzeugung gegebener ebener Kurven mit Hilfe des Gelenkvierecks. Zeitschr. Angew. Math. Mech. 3, 1 (1923), 13--19. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. A. Appel. 1968. Some techniques for shading machine renderings of solids. In Proceedings of the 1968 Spring Joint Computer Conference (AFIPS’68). ACM, New York, NY, 37--45. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. D. S. Arnon, G. E. Collins, and S. McCallum. 1984. Cylindrical algebraic decomposition I: The basic algorithm. SIAM J. Comput. 13, 4 (1984), 865--877. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. S. Basu, R. Pollack, and M.-F. Roy. 2006. Algorithms in Real Algebraic Geometry (Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics). Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Secaucus, NJ, USA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. D. J. Bates, D. A. Brake, J. D. Hauenstein, A. J. Sommese, and C. W. Wampler. 2014b. Homotopies for connected components applied to computing critical sets. Retrieved from www.nd.edu/∼jhauenst/preprints/bbhswCritical.pdf.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. D. J. Bates, D. A. Brake, J. D. Hauenstein, A. J. Sommese, and C. W. Wampler. 2014a. On Computing a cell decomposition of a real surface containing infinitely many singularities. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematical Software (ICMS’14), Hoon Hong and Chee Yap (Eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8592. Springer, 246--252. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  8. D. J. Bates, J. D. Hauenstein, C. Peterson, and A. J. Sommese. 2009b. Numerical decomposition of the rank-deficiency set of a matrix of multivariate polynomials. In Approximate Commutative Algebra. Springer, NewYork, 55--77. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  9. D. J. Bates, J. D. Hauenstein, C. Peterson, and A. J. Sommese. 2009a. A numerical local dimensions test for points on the solution set of a system of polynomial equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 47, 5 (2009), 3608--3623. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. D. J. Bates, J. D. Hauenstein, and A. J. Sommese. 2011. Efficient path tracking methods. Numer. Algor. 58, 4 (2011), 451--459. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. D. J. Bates, J. D. Hauenstein, A. J. Sommese, and C. W. Wampler. 2013. Numerically Solving Polynomial Systems with Bertini. Vol. 25. SIAM.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. D. J. Bates, J. D. Hauenstein, A. J. Sommese, and C. W. Wampler. 2006. Bertini: Software for Numerical Algebraic Geometry. Retrieved from bertini.nd.edu.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. E. Berberich, P. Emeliyanenko, A. Kobel, and M. Sagraloff. 2013. Exact symbolic--numeric computation of planar algebraic curves. Theor. Comput. Sci. 491 (2013), 1--32. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. E. Berberich, M. Kerber, and M. Sagraloff. 2008. Exact geometric-topological analysis of algebraic surfaces. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry (SCG’08). ACM, New York, NY, 164--173. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1377676.1377703 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. E. Berberich, M. Kerber, and M. Sagraloff. 2010. An efficient algorithm for the stratification and triangulation of an algebraic surface. Comput. Geom. Theory Appl. 43, 3 (April 2010), 257--278. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. G. M. Besana, S. Di Rocco, J. D. Hauenstein, A. J. Sommese, and C. W. Wampler. 2013. Cell decomposition of almost smooth real algebraic surfaces. Numer. Algor. 63, 4 (2013), 645--678. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. O. Bottema and B. Roth. 1979. Theoretical Kinematics. North-Holland Series in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Vol. 24. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam. xiv+558 pages. Reprinted by Dover Publications, New York, 1990.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. D. A. Brake, D. J. Bates, W. Hao, J. D. Hauenstein, A. J. Sommese, and C. W. Wampler. 2014. Bertini_real: Software for one- and two-dimensional real algebraic sets. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematical Software (ICMS’14), Hoon Hong and Chee Yap (Eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8592. Springer, 175--182. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  19. D. A. Brake, J. D. Hauenstein, A. P. Murray, D. H. Myszka, and C. W. Wampler. 2016. The complete solution of alt-burmester synthesis problems for four-bar linkages. J. Mech. Robot. 8, 4 (2016), 041018. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. L. E. H. Burmester. 1888. Lehrbuch der Kinematik. Leipzig A. Felix.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. J. Cheng, S. Lazard, L. Peñaranda, M. Pouget, F. Rouillier, and E. Tsigaridas. 2010. On the topology of real algebraic plane curves. Math. Comput. Sci. 4, 1 (2010), 113--137. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  22. L. P. Chew. 1993. Guaranteed-quality mesh generation for curved surfaces. In Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry. ACM, 274--280. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. G. E. Collins. 1975. Quantifier elimination for real closed fields by cylindrical algebraic decomposition. Lec. Notes Comp. Sci. 33 (1975), 134--183. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  24. D. N. Daouda, B. Mourrain, and O. Ruatta. 2008. On the computation of the topology of a non-reduced implicit space curve. In Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation. ACM, 47--54. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. T. K. Dey and T. Ray. 2010. Polygonal surface remeshing with Delaunay refinement. Eng. Comput. 26, 3 (2010), 289--301. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. D. N. Diatta, B. Mourrain, and O. Ruatta. 2012. On the isotopic meshing of an algebraic implicit surface. J. Symbol. Comput. 47, 8 (2012), 903--925. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. The Blender Foundation. 2014. Blender. Retrieved from www.blender.org.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. A. S. Glassner (Ed.). 1989. An Introduction to Ray Tracing. Academic Press Ltd., London, UK.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. J. D. Hauenstein, A. J. Sommese, and C. W. Wampler. 2011. Regeneration homotopies for solving systems of polynomials. Math. Comp. 80, 273 (2011), 345--377. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  30. J. D. Hauenstein and C. W. Wampler. 2013a. Isosingular sets and deflation. Found. Comput. Math. 13, 3 (2013), 371--403. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. J. D. Hauenstein and C. W. Wampler. 2013b. Numerically intersecting algebraic varieties via witness sets. Appl. Math. Comput. 219, 10 (2013), 5730--5742. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  32. J. D. Hauenstein and C. W. Wampler. 2014. Unification and extension of intersection algorithms in numerical algebraic geometry. Retrieved from www.nd.edu/∼jdhauens/preprints/hwGeneralIntersection.pdf.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. H. Hauser and J. Schicho. 2014. Algebraic Surfaces. Retrieved from homepage.univie.ac.at/herwig.hauser/bildergalerie/gallery.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  34. M. L. Husty and A. Karger. 2000. Self-motions of Griffis-Duffy type parallel manipulators. In Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, CDROM, San Francisco, CA, April 24--28, 2000. IEEE. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  35. M. Kerber and M. Sagraloff. 2012. A worst-case bound for topology computation of algebraic curves. J. Symbol. Comput. 47, 3 (2012), 239--258. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  36. Y. Lu, D. J. Bates, A. J. Sommese, and C. W. Wampler. 2007. Finding all real points of a complex curve. Contemp. Math. 448 (2007), 183--205. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  37. A. Paiva, H. Lopes, T. Lewiner, and L. H. de Figueiredo. 2006. Robust adaptive meshes for implicit surfaces. In XIX Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing (Sibgrapi’06). IEEE, Manaus, AM, 205--212. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  38. A. J. Sommese, J. Verschelde, and C. W. Wampler. 2001. Numerical decomposition of the solution sets of polynomial systems into irreducible components. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 38, 6 (2001), 2022--2046. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  39. A. J. Sommese, J. Verschelde, and C. W. Wampler. 2004a. Advances in polynomial continuation for solving problems in kinematics. ASME J. Mech. Design 126, 2 (2004), 262--268. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  40. A. J. Sommese, J. Verschelde, and C. W. Wampler. 2004b. Homotopies for intersecting solution components of polynomial systems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 42, 4 (2004), 1552--1571. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  41. A. J. Sommese and C. W. Wampler. 2005. The Numerical Solution to Systems of Polynomials Arising in Engineering and Science. World Scientific, Singapore. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  42. The CGAL Project. 2014. CGAL User and Reference Manual (4.4 ed.). CGAL Editorial Board. Retrieved from doc.cgal.org/4.4/Manual/packages.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  43. Y. Tong. 2013. Four-bar Linkage Synthesis for a Combination of Motion and Path-point Generation.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  44. C. W. Wampler, A. P. Morgan, and A. J. Sommese. 1992. Complete solution of the nine-point path synthesis problem for four-bar linkages. ASME J. Mech. Des. 114, 1 (1992), 153--159. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  45. E. W. Weisstein. 2014. Barth Sextic. Retrieved from mathworld.wolfram.com/BarthSextic.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. Algorithm 976: Bertini_real: Numerical Decomposition of Real Algebraic Curves and Surfaces

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in

      Full Access

      • Published in

        cover image ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
        ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software  Volume 44, Issue 1
        March 2018
        308 pages
        ISSN:0098-3500
        EISSN:1557-7295
        DOI:10.1145/3071076
        Issue’s Table of Contents

        Copyright © 2017 ACM

        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 14 July 2017
        • Revised: 1 February 2017
        • Accepted: 1 February 2017
        • Received: 1 February 2015
        Published in toms Volume 44, Issue 1

        Permissions

        Request permissions about this article.

        Request Permissions

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • research-article
        • Research
        • Refereed

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader