Cristiana S. Silva
Flávio Coutinho
ABSTRACT
Children and teenagers comprise a user group particularly susceptible to privacy infringement risks in Online Social Networks (OSNs). In this sense, the usability of privacy controls should be appropriate to such users. This study aims to characterize, through a case study on Facebook, how children and teenagers deal with privacy features on OSNs and whether the available privacy controls help this user group to manage the privacy levels of their personal data. The case study considered children and teenagers in Brazil, the top-3 country on the number of Facebook users. The results indicated that there are usability violations that hinder this group from adjusting privacy settings, compromising its privacy and security on OSNs. These results are relevant and not limited to the context of Brazil, because they warn us about the vulnerability of children and teenagers on OSNs, as well as they evince the role of usability in privacy controls.
- Abdulmohsen Albesher and Thamer Alhussain. 2013. Privacy and security issues in social networks: an evaluation of Facebook. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Information Systems and Design of Communication (ISDOC '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 7--10. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Ocimara Balmant, O. 2012. Cresce exposição de jovens na internet. O Estado de São Paulo, Caderno Vida, p.27, 02 dez 2012. Estadão Geral. Available in: http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,cresce-exposicao-de-jovens-na-internet-imp-,968026. Last access: Dec 23, 2016Google Scholar
- Danah Boyd, Eszter Hargittai, Jason Schultz, and John Palfrey. 2011. Why Parents Help Their Children Lie to Facebook: Unintended Consequences of the 'Children's Online Privacy Protection Act'. First Monday, 16(11), November 7, 2011.Google Scholar
- Parmit Chilana, Christina Holsberry, Flavio Oliveira, and Andrew Ko. 2012. Designing for a billion users: a case study of facebook. In CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 419--432. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeasik Cho, and Allen Trent. (2006). Validity in qualitative research revisited. Qualitative Research, 6(3):319--340.Google ScholarCross Ref
- comScore. 2012(a). Facebook Blasts into Top Position in Brazilian Social Networking Market Following Year of Tremendous Growth. Available in: http://goo.gl/TcXcM. Last access: Dec 23, 2016.Google Scholar
- comScore. 2012(b). Argentina Ranks First in Worldwide Desktop Social Networking Engagement at Nearly 10 Hours per Visitor Each Month. Available in: http://goo.gl/cLLzM. Last access: Dec 23, 2016.Google Scholar
- comScore. 2015. Brazil Digital Future in Focus. Available in: https://www.comscore.com/Insights/Presentations-and-Whitepapers/2015/2015-Brazil-Digital-Future-in-Focus. Last access: Dec 23, 2016.Google Scholar
- Consumer Reports News. 2012. Facebook may let children under age 13 use the site. Available in: https://goo.gl/KfTtZl Last access: Dec 23, 2016.Google Scholar
- Sérgio R. P. da Silva, and Roberto Pereira. 2008. Aspectos da interação humano-computador na web social. In Proceedings of the IX Simpósio Brasileiro de Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais -- IHC 2008, Outubro de 2008, pp. 350--553. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ratan Dey, Zubin Jelveh, and Keith Ross. 2012. Facebook users have become much more private: A large-scale study. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Workshop on Security and Social Networking. IEEE, pp. 346--352.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ratan Dey, Cong Tang, Keith Ross, and Nitesh Saxena. 2012. Estimating age privacy leakage in online social networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2012, Orlando, FL, USA, 2836--2840.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ratan Dey, Yuan Ding, and Keith W. Ross. 2013. Profiling high-school students with facebook: how online privacy laws can actually increase minors' risk. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Internet measurement conference (IMC '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 405--416. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Imen Ben Dhia, Talel Abdessalem, and Mauro Sozio. 2012. Primates: a privacy management system for social networks. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management (CIKM '12), NY, USA, 2746--2748. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maeve Duggan, Nicole b. Ellison, Cliff Lampe, Amanda Lenhart, and Mary Madden. 2015. Social Media Update 2014. In Pew Internet and American Life Project. Available in: http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/, Last access: Dec 23, 2016.Google Scholar
- Maeve Duggan, Nicole b. Ellison, Cliff Lampe, Amanda Lenhart and Mary Madden. 2015. Mobile Messaging and Social Media 2015. In Pew Research Center. Available in: http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/19/mobile-messaging-and-social-media-2015/, Last access: Dec 23, 2016.Google Scholar
- Dan Fitton, Beth Bell, Janet C. Read, Ole Iversen, Linda Little, and Matthew Horton. 2014. Understanding teen UX: building a bridge to the future. In Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 79--82. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Philip WL Fong, Mohd Anwar, and Zhen Zhao. 2009. A privacy preservation model for facebook-style social network systems. In Computer Security - ESORICS, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 303--320. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alastair J. Gill, Asimina Vasalou, Chrysanthi Papoutsi, and Adam N. Joinson. 2011. Privacy dictionary: a linguistic taxonomy of privacy for content analysis. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 3227--3236. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shuli Gilutz, and Jakob Nielsen. 2002. Usability of Websites for Children: Children (Ages 3--12) on the Web - 70 Design Guidelines. 3rd Edition. Nielsen Norman Group. Available in: www.nngroup.com/reports/kids/. Last access: Dec 23, 2016Google Scholar
- Sameer Hinduja, and Justin W. Patchin. 2008. Personal information of adolescents on the Internet: A quantitative content analysis of MySpace. Journal of Adolescence, 31(1), 125--146.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Michal Jakob, Zbynek Moler, Michal Pechoucek, and Roman Vaculin. 2011. Intelligent Content-Based Privacy Assistant for Facebook. In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 01 (WI-IAT '11), Vol. 1. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 499--500. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Manoel Pereira Junior, Simone Isabela de Rezende Xavier, and Raquel Oliveira Prates. 2014. Investigating the Use of a Simulator to Support Users in Anticipating Impact of Privacy Settings in Facebook. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 63--72. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Michaela Kauer, Benjamin Franz, Thomas Pfeiffer, Martin Heine, and Delphine Christin. 2013. Improving privacy settings for facebook by using interpersonal distance as criterion. In CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 793--798. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hanna Krasnova, and Natasha F. Veltri. 2010. Privacy Calculus on Social Networking Sites: Explorative Evidence from Germany and USA, In Proceedings of the 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE, 1--10. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yabing Liu, Krishna P. Gummadi, Balachander Krishnamurthy, and Alan Mislove. 2011. Analyzing facebook privacy settings: user expectations vs. reality. In Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference (IMC '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 61--70. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sonia Livingstone, Kjartan Ólafsson, and Elisabeth Staksrud. 2011. Social networking, age and privacy. EU Kids Online, London, UK. Available in: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/35849/. Last access: Dec 23, 2016.Google Scholar
- Amanda Meincke Melo, and M. Cecília C. Baranauskas. 2003. Design with children: a Semiotic approach. In Proceedings of the Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction (CLIHC '03). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 69--78. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jakob Nielsen. 1993. Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jakob Nielsen. 1994. Usability inspection methods. In Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '94), NY, USA, 413--414. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jakob Nielsen. 2000. Why you only need to test with 5 users. 2000. Available in: https://www.nngroup.com/articles/why-you-only-need-to-test-with-5-users/. Last access: Dec 23, 2016.Google Scholar
- TEMPO (Jornal). 2014. Pedófilo se passa por atriz de Chiquititas para abordar cri anças. . Available in: http://www.otempo.com.br/capa/brasil/ped%C3%B3filo-se-passa-por-atriz-de-chiquititas-para-abordar-crian%C3%A7as-1.906223. Last access: Dec--23, 2016.Google Scholar
- Walter Willinger, Reza Rejaie, Mojtaba Torkjazi, Masoud Valafar, and Mauro Maggioni. 2010. Research on online social networks: time to face the real challenges. SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev. 37, 3 (January 2010), 49--54. Google ScholarDigital Library
- João Paulo Pesce, Diego Las Casas, Gustavo Rauber, and Virgílio Almei da. 2012. Privacy attacks in social media using photo tagging networks: a case study with Facebook. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Privacy and Security in Online Social Media (PSOSM '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 4, 8 pages. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kamila R. H. Rodrigues, Maíra C. Canal, Rogério A. C. Xavier, Tatiana S. Alencar, and Vânia P. A. Neris. 2012. Avaliando aspectos de privacidade no Facebook pelas lentes de usabilidade, acessibilidade e fatores emocionais. In Companion Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC '12). Brazilian Computer Society, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Brazil, 75--76. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alan Rubel, and Ryan Biava. "A framework for analyzing and comparing privacy states." Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 65.12 (2014): 2422--2431.Google Scholar
- Zaineb de Souza, and Geoffrey N. Dick. 2009. Disclosure of information by children in social networking - Not just a case of "you show me yours and I'll show you mine". International Journal of Information Management. (2009), 255--261 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ho Keung Tsoi, and Li Chen. From privacy concern to uses of social network sites: A cultural comparison via user survey. 2011. In Proceedings of the Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT) and 2011 IEEE Third Inernational Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom), vol., no., pp.457--464, 9--11 Oct. 2011.Google Scholar
- Maria Lúcia B. Villela and Raquel O. Prates. 2015. Supporting Designers in Modeling Privacy for Social Network Sites. In Proceedings of 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. (IHC'15). November 03-06, 2015.Google Scholar
- Christo Wilson, Bryce Boe, Alessandra Sala, Krishna P.N. Puttaswamy, and Ben Y. Zhao. 2009. User interactions in social networks and their implications. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems (EuroSys '09). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 205--218. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Privacy for Children and Teenagers on Social Networks from a Usability Perspective: A Case Study on Facebook
Recommendations
Children Seen But Not Heard: When Parents Compromise Children's Online Privacy
WWW '15: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide WebChildren's online privacy has garnered much attention in media, legislation, and industry. Adults are concerned that children may not adequately protect themselves online. However, relatively little discussion has focused on the privacy breaches that ...
Do online social network friends still threaten my privacy?
CODASPY '13: Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Data and application security and privacyA user's online social network (OSN) friends commonly share information on their OSN profiles that might also characterize the user him-/herself. Therefore, OSN friends are potentially jeopardizing users' privacy. Previous studies demonstrated that ...
Privacy and Safety on Social Networking Sites: Autistic and Non-Autistic Teenagers’ Attitudes and Behaviors
Autistic teenagers are suspected to be more vulnerable to privacy and safety threats on social networking sites (SNS) than the general population. However, there are no studies comparing these users’ privacy and safety concerns and protective strategies ...
Comments