ABSTRACT
This paper presents the implementation of a bicycle trip counter, which measures cycling speed, traveled distance, and cycling time, that is directly powered from tiny periodic pulses of energy with only the intrinsically present decoupling capacitance as an energy buffer. To cope with the highly variable amount of energy generated during each pulse, an energy-driven approach is used. The core principles in this approach are to dynamically adjust operational mode according to energy availability, to scale performance, for example sensing accuracy, proportional to energy harvested, and to perform intermittent or transient computing to enable computation across multiple power cycles. The device presented is able to start operation from energy supply pulses as low as 4 uJ, where a rough estimate of the sensing parameters is done, and perform increasingly complex and time-consuming tasks such as additional more accurate measurements, sensor fusion, and filtering computations as more energy becomes available.
- D. Balsamo, A. S. Weddell, G. V. Merrett, B. M. Al-Hashimi, D. Brunelli, and L. Benini. 2015. Hibernus: Sustaining Computation During Intermittent Supply for Energy-Harvesting Systems. IEEE Embedded Systems Letters 7, 1 (March 2015), 15--18.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Geoff V. Merrett and Bashir M. Al-Hashimi. 2017. Energy-driven Computing: Rethinking the Design of Energy Harvesting Systems. In Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation & Test in Europe (DATE '17). European Design and Automation Association, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, Belgium, 960--965. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Rodriguez, D. Balsamo, Z. Luo, S. P. Beeby, G. V. Merrett, and A. S. Weddell. 2017. Intermittently-powered energy harvesting step counter for fitness tracking. In 2017 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). 1--6.Google Scholar
- Uvis Senkans, Domenico Balsamo, Theodoros D. Verykios, and Geoff V. Merrett. 2017. Applications of Energy-Driven Computing: A Transiently-Powered Wireless Cycle Computer. In Proceedings of the Fifth ACM International Workshop on Energy Harvesting and Energy-Neutral Sensing Systems (ENSsys'17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1--7. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- An Energy-driven Wireless Bicycle Trip Counter with Zero Energy Storage
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