Kiri L. Wagstaff
Gary Doran
ABSTRACT
Data analysis and machine learning methods have great potential to aid in planetary exploration. Spacecraft often operate at great distances from the Earth, and the ability to autonomously detect features of interest onboard can enable content-sensitive downlink prioritization to increase mission science return. We describe algorithms that we designed to assist in three specific scientific investigations to be conducted during flybys of Jupiter's moon Europa: the detection of thermal anomalies, compositional anomalies, and plumes of icy matter from Europa's subsurface ocean. We also share the unique constraints imposed by the onboard computing environment and several lessons learned in our collaboration with planetary scientists and mission designers.
- Jon Ballast, T. Amort, M. Cabanas-Holmen, E. H. Cannon, R. Brees, C. Neathery, S. Fischer, and W. Snapp. 2015. A method for efficient radiation hardening of multicore processors. In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, Big Sky, MT.Google Scholar
- Todd Bayer, B. Buffington, J. F. Castet, M. Jackson, G. Lee, K. Lewis, J. Kastner, K. Schimmels, and K. Kirby. 2017. Europa mission update: Beyond payload selection. In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 1--12.Google Scholar
- Diana L. Blaney, R. N. Clark, J. B. Dalton, A. G. Davies, R. O. Green, M. M. Hedman, C. A. Hibbits, Y. Langevin, J. I. Lunine, T. B. McCord, C. Paranicas, S. L. Murchie, F. P. Seelos, and J. M. Soderblom. 2017. The Mapping Imaging Spectrometer for Europa (MISE) investigation: Exploring Europa's habitability using compositional mapping. In Proceedings of the 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX. Abstract #2244.Google Scholar
- Diana L. Blaney, C. Hibbitts, R. O. Green, R. N. Clark, J. B Dalton, A. G. Davies, Y. Langevin, J. I. Lunine, M. Hedman, T. B. McCord, S. L. Murchie, C. Paranicas, F. P. Seelos IV, J. M. Soderblom, S. Diniega, M. Cable, D. Thompson, C. Bruce, A. Santo, R. Redick, D. Hahn, H. Bender, B. Van Gorp, J. Rodriguez, P. Sullivan, T. Neville, S. Lundeen, M. Bowers, J. Hayes, B. Bryce, R. Hourani, J. Mize, F. Graham, E. Zarate, L. Moore, K. Maynard, I. M. McKinley, D. Johnson, P. Aubuchon, J. Fedosi, R. Wehbe, R. Calvet, and P. Mouroulis. 2019. The Europa Clipper Mapping Imaging Spectrometer for Europa (MISE): Using compositional mapping to understand Europa. In Proceedings of the 50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX.Google Scholar
- Rebecca Castano, Kiri L. Wagstaff, Steve Chien, Timothy M. Stough, and Benyang Tang. 2007. On-board analysis of uncalibrated data for a spacecraft at Mars. In 13th Int'l Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 922--930. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chein-I Chang and Shao-Shan Chiang. 2002. Anomaly detection and classification for hyperspectral imagery. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , Vol. 40, 6 (2002), 1314--1325.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Steve Chien, Brian Bue, Julie Castillo-Rogez, Dero Gharibian, Russell Knight, Steve Schaffer, David R. Thompson, and Kiri L. Wagstaff. 2014. Agile science: Using onboard autonomy for primitive bodies and deep space exploration. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation for Space (i-SAIRAS).Google Scholar
- Steve Chien, J. Doubleday, D. R. Thompson, K. L. Wagstaff, J. Bellardo, C. Francis, E. Baumgarten, A. Williams, E. Yee, E. Stanton, and J. Piug-Suari. 2017. Onboard autonomy on the Intelligent Payload EXperiment CubeSat mission. Journal of Aerospace Information Systems, Vol. 14, 6 (2017), 307--315.Google ScholarCross Ref
- National Research Council. 2011. Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013--2022 .National Academies Press.Google Scholar
- Ingrid J. Daubar, A. S. McEwen, S. Byrne, M. R. Kennedy, and B. Ivanov. 2013. The current martian cratering rate. Icarus , Vol. 225, 1 (2013), 506--516.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ashley G. Davies, S. Chien, R. Wright, A. Miklius, P. R. Kyle, M. Welsh, J. B. Johnson, D. Tran, S. R. Schaffer, and R. Sherwood. 2006. Sensor web enables rapid response to volcanic activity. Eos , Vol. 87, 1 (2006), 1--5.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Eric W. Ferguson, Steve S. Wissler, Ben K. Bradley, Pierre F. Maldague, Jan M. Ludwinski, and Chistopher R. Lawler. 2018. Improving spacecraft design and operability for Europa Clipper through high-fidelity, mission-level modeling and simulation. In Proceedings of the SpaceOps Conference.Google Scholar
- Georg Fischer, M. D. Desch, P. Zarka, M. L. Kaiser, D. A. Gurnett, W. S. Kurth, W. Macher, H. O. Rucker, A. Lecacheux, W. M. Farrell, and B. Cecconi. 2006. Saturn lightning recorded by Cassini/RPWS in 2004. Icarus , Vol. 183, 1 (2006), 135--152.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Raymond Francis, T. Estlin, G. Doran, S. Johnstone, D. Gaines, V. Verma, M. Burl, J. Frydenvang, S. Monta no, R. C. Wiens, S. Schaffer, O. Gasnault, L. DeFlores, D. Blaney, and B. Bornstein. 2017. AEGIS autonomous targeting for ChemCam on Mars Science Laboratory: Deployment and results of initial science team use. Science Robotics , Vol. 2, 7 (2017).Google Scholar
- Neil Gehrels and Péter Mészáros. 2011. Gamma-ray bursts. Science , Vol. 337, 6097 (2011), 932--936.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ronald Greeley, P. L. Whelley, R. E. Arvidson, N. A. Cabrol, D. J. Foley, B. J. Franklin, P. G. Geissler, M. P. Golombek, R. O. Kuzmin, G. A. Landis, M. T. Lemmon, L. D. V. Neakrase, S. W. Squyres, and S. D. Thompson. 2006. Active dust devils in Gusev crater, Mars: Observations from the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 111, E12 (2006).Google Scholar
- Candice J. Hansen, L. Esposito, A. I. F. Stewart, J. Colwell, A. Hendrix, W. Pryor, D. Shemansky, and R. West. 2006. Enceladus' water vapor plume. Science , Vol. 311, 5766 (2006), 1422--1425.Google Scholar
- Paul O. Hayne, P. R. Christensen, J. R. Spencer, O. Abramov, C. Howett, M. T. Mellon, F. Nimmo, S. Piqueux, and J. A. Rathbun. 2017. Possible nature and detectability of endogenic thermal anomalies on Europa. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Vol. 48. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX.Google Scholar
- Lukas Mandrake, U. Rebbapragada, K. L. Wagstaff, D. Thompson, S. Chien, D. Tran, R. T. Pappalardo, D. Gleeson, and R. Castano. 2012. Surface sulfur detection via remote sensing and onboard classification. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology , Vol. 3, 4 (2012). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nasser M. Nasrabadi. 2014. Hyperspectral target detection: An overview of current and future challenges. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 31, 1 (2014), 34--44.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Robert T. Pappalardo, D. A. Senske, H. Korth, D. Blaney, D. Blankenship, P. Christensen, S. Kempf, K. Retherford, E. P. Turtle, J. H. Waite, J. Westlake, G. C. Collins, K. Hand, J. Lunine, M. McGrath, F. Nimmo, C. Paty, J. Soderblom, J. R. Spencer, C. Paranicas, S. Solomon, and the Europa Science Team. 2017. The Europa multiple-flyby mission: Synergistic science to investigate habitability. In Proceedings of the 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX. Abstract #2732.Google Scholar
- Carolyn C. Porco, P. Helfenstein, P. C. Thomas, A. P. Ingersoll, J. Wisdom, R. West, G. Neukum, T. Denk, R. Wagner, T. Roatsch, S. Kieffer, E. Turtle, A. McEwen, T. V. Johnson, J. Rathbun, J. Veverka, D. Wilson, J. Perry, J. Spitale, A. Brahic, J. A. Burns, A. D. DelGenio, L. Dones, C. D. Murray, and S. Squyres. 2006. Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus. Science , Vol. 311, 5766 (2006), 1393--1401.Google Scholar
- Julie A. Rathbun, Nathaniel J. Rodriguez, and John R. Spencer. 2010. Galileo PPR observations of Europa: Hotspot detection limits and surface thermal properties. Icarus , Vol. 210, 2 (2010), 763--769.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Irving S. Reed and X. Yu. 1990. Adaptive multiple-band CFAR detection of an optical pattern with unknown spectral distribution. IEEE Transactions on Acoustic Speech and Signal Processing , Vol. 38 (1990), 1760--1770.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lorenz Roth, Joachim Saur, Kurt D. Retherford, Darrell F. Strobel, Paul D. Feldman, Melissa A. McGrath, and Francis Nimmo. 2014. Transient water vapor at Europa's south pole. Science , Vol. 343, 6167 (2014), 171--174.Google Scholar
- William B. Sparks, K. P. Hand, M. A. McGrath, E. Bergeron, M. Cracraft, and S. E. Deustua. 2016. Probing for evidence of plumes on Europa with HST/STIS. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 829, 2 (2016).Google ScholarCross Ref
- William B. Sparks, B. E. Schmidt, M. A. McGrath, K. P. Hand, J. R. Spencer, M. Cracraft, and S. E Deustua. 2017. Active cryovolcanism on Europa? The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 839, 2 (2017), L18.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Samantha K. Trumbo, Michael E. Brown, and Bryan J. Butler. 2017. ALMA thermal observations of a proposed plume source region on Europa. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 154, 4 (2017), 148.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Elizabeth Turtle and Alfred McEwen. 2018. Investigating Europa's geology, ice shell, and potential for current activity with the Europa Imaging System (EIS). In 42nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Abstract B5.3--52--18.Google Scholar
- Kiri L. Wagstaff, Alphan Altinok, Steve Chien, Umaa Rebbapragada, Steve Schaffer, David R. Thompson, and Daniel Tran. 2017. Cloud filtering and novelty detection using onboard machine learning for the EO-1 spacecraft. In Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on AI in the Oceans and Space.Google Scholar
- Kiri L. Wagstaff and Benjamin Bornstein. 2009. K-means in Space: A Radiation Sensitivity Evaluation. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Conference on Machine Learning. 1097--1104. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kiri L. Wagstaff, Nina L. Lanza, David R. Thompson, Thomas G. Dietterich, and Martha S. Gilmore. 2013. Guiding scientific discovery with explanations using DEMUD. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI, Palo Alto, CA, 905--911. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kiri L. Wagstaff, David R. Thompson, Brian D. Bue, and Thomas J. Fuchs. 2014. Autonomous real-time detection of plumes and jets from moons and comets. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 794, 1 (2014).Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Enabling Onboard Detection of Events of Scientific Interest for the Europa Clipper Spacecraft
Recommendations
The Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment Onboard the EO-1 Spacecraft
AAMAS '04: Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 3The Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE), currently flying onboard the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft, integrates several autonomy software technologies enabling autonomous science analysis and mission planning. The experiment demonstrates the ...
On-board analysis of uncalibrated data for a spacecraft at mars
KDD '07: Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data miningAnalyzing data on-board a spacecraft as it is collected enables several advanced spacecraft capabilities, such as prioritizing observations to make the best use of limited bandwidth and reacting to dynamic events as they happen. In this paper, we ...
The autonomous sciencecraft experiment onboard the EO-1 spacecraft
AAAI'04: Proceedings of the 19th national conference on Artifical intelligenceThe Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE), currently flying on board the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft, integrates several autonomy software technologies enabling autonomous science analysis and mission planning. The experiment demonstrates the ...
Comments