ABSTRACT
Centralized school admission mechanisms are an attractive way of improving social welfare and fairness in large educational systems. In this paper we report the design and implementation of the newly established school choice mechanism in Chile, where over 274,000 students applied to more than 6,400 schools. The Chilean system presents unprecedented design challenges that make it unique. On the one hand, it is a simultaneous nationwide system, making it one of the largest school admission problems worldwide. On the other hand, the system runs at all school levels, from Pre-K to 12th grade, raising at least two issues of outmost importance; namely, the system needs to guarantee their current seat to students applying for a school change, and the system has to favor the assignment of siblings to the same school. As in other systems around the world, we develop a model based on the celebrated Deferred Acceptance algorithm. The algorithm deals not only with the aforementioned issues, but also with further practical features such as soft-bounds and overlapping types. In this context we analyze new stability definitions, present the results of its implementation and conduct simulations showing the benefits of the innovations of the implemented system.
Supplemental Material
- 24Horas. 2017. Apoderados hacen largas filas para postular a colegio en Santiago. https://www.24horas.cl/nacional/apoderados-hacen-largas-filas-para-postular-a-colegio-en-santiago-2483007Google Scholar
- Atila Abdulkadiroug lu. 2007. Controlled School Choice . New York, Vol. 2006, April (2007), 1--44. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.169.4192Google Scholar
- Atila Abdulkadiroglu, Yeon-Koo Che, Parag A. Pathak, Alvin E. Roth, and Olivier Tercieux. 2017. Minimizing Justified Envy in School Choice: The Design of New Orleans' OneApp . Technical Report. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
- Atila Abdulkadiroug lu, Yeon-Koo Che, and Yosuke Yasuda. 2011. Resolving conflicting preferences in school choice: The" boston mechanism" reconsidered. American Economic Review, Vol. 101, 1 (2011), 399--410.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Atila Abdulkadiroug lu, Parag A. Pathak, and Alvin E. Roth. 2005 a. The New York City high school match. American Economic Review, Vol. 95 (2005), 364--367.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Atila Abdulkadiroug lu, Parag A. Pathak, and Alvin E. Roth. 2009. Strategy-proofness versus efficiency in matching with indifferences: redesigning the New York City high school match. American Economic Review, Vol. 99 (2009), 1954--1978.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Atila Abdulkadiroug lu, Parag A. Pathak, Alvin E. Roth, and Tayfun Sönmez. 2005 b. The Boston public school match. American Economic Review, Vol. 95 (2005), 368--371.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Atila Abdulkadiroug lu and Tayfun Sönmez. 2003. School Choice: A Mechanism Design Approach. American Economic Review, Vol. 93 (2003), 729 -- 747.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nick Arnosti. 2015. Short Lists in Centralized Clearinghouses. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Economics and Computation (EC '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 751--751. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Itai Ashlagi, Mark Braverman, and Avinatan Hassidim. 2014. Stability in Large Matching Markets with Complementarities. Operations Research, Vol. 62, 4 (2014), 713--732.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Itai Ashlagi, Afshin Nikzad, and Assaf Romm. 2015. Assigning More Students to Their Top Choices: A Tiebreaking Rule Comparison. (2015). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mourad Ba"iou and Michel Balinski. 2004. Student admissions and faculty recruitment. Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 322, 2 (2004), 245--265. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Michel Balinski and Guillaume Ratier. 1997. Of stable marriages and graphs, and strategy and polytopes. SIAM review, Vol. 39, 4 (1997), 575--604. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cristian Bellei. 2013. El estudio de la segregación socioeconómica y académica de la educación chilena. Estudios pedagógicos (Valdivia), Vol. 39, 1 (2013), 325--345.Google Scholar
- Caterina Calsamiglia and Maia Güell. 2014. The illusion of school choice: empirical evidence from Barcelona. (2014).Google Scholar
- Cooperativa. 2017. Apoderados nuevamente hicieron fila para postular a colegio capitalino. https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/educacion/colegios/apoderados-nuevamente-hicieron-fila-para-postular-a-colegio-capitalino/2017-06--12/074548.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Monique De Haan, Pieter A. Gautier, Hessel Oosterbeek, and Bas Van der Klaauw. 2015. The performance of school assignment mechanisms in practice . Technical Report. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn.Google Scholar
- Umut Dur, Scott Duke, Kominers Parag, Parag A Pathak, and Tayfun Sö nmez. 2016a. Reserve Design: Unintended Consequences and The Demise of Boston's Walk Zones . Journal of Political Economy (2016).Google Scholar
- Umut Dur, Parag A. Pathak, and Tayfun Sö nmez. 2016b. Explicit Vs. Statistical Preferential Treatment in Affirmative Action: Theory and Evidence From Chicago'S Exam Schools . NBER Working Paper Series (2016).Google Scholar
- Lars Ehlers, Isa E. Hafalir, M. Bumin Yenmez, and Muhammed A. Yildirim. 2014. School choice with controlled choice constraints: Hard bounds versus soft bounds. Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 153 (2014), 648--683.Google ScholarCross Ref
- David Gale and Lloyd S. Shapley. 1962. College admissions and the stability of marriage. Amer. Math. Monthly, Vol. 69, 1 (January 1962), 9--15.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Pieter A. Gautier, Monique De Haan, Bas Van Der Klaauw, and Hessel Oosterbeek. 2016. Eerste analyse matching en loting voortgezet onderwijs Amsterdam 2016*. Evaluation Paper, URL: http://www. verenigingosvo. nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Rapport-loting-en-matching-2016-beschrijvend-rapport. pdf, Retrieved June, Vol. 14 (2016), 2016.Google Scholar
- Isa E. Hafalir, M. Bumin Yenmez, and Muhammed A. Yildirim. 2013. Effective Affirmative Action in School Choice . Theoretical Economics, Vol. 8 (2013), 325--363.Google ScholarCross Ref
- John W. Hatfield and Paul R. Milgrom. 2005. Matching with contracts. American Economic Review, Vol. 95, 4 (2005), 913--935.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Andrés Hernando, Karina Niklitschek, and Daniel Brieba. 2014. Segregación escolar en Chile. Santiago: Horizontal (2014).Google Scholar
- Yuichiro Kamada and Fuhito Kojima. 2015. Efficient matching under distributional constraints: Theory and applications . American Economic Review, Vol. 105, 1 (2015), 67--99.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fuhito Kojima. 2012. School choice: Impossibilities for affirmative action . Games and Economic Behavior, Vol. 75, 2 (2012), 685--693.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fuhito Kojima, Parag A. Pathak, and Alvin E. Roth. 2013. Matching with couples: Stability and incentives in large markets. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 128, 4 (2013), 1585--1632.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ryoji Kurata, Naoto Hamada, Atsushi Iwasaki, and Makoto Yokoo. 2017. Controlled school choice with soft bounds and overlapping types. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, Vol. 58 (2017), 153--184. Google ScholarDigital Library
- MINEDUC. 2018. Estadisticas de la Educacion 2017. hhttps://centroestudios.mineduc.cl/wp-content/uploads/sites/100/2018/12/ANUARIO-MINEDUC_VERSION-BAJA.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Alvin E. Roth. 1984. The Evolution of the Labor Market for Medical Interns and Residents: A Case Study in Game Theory . Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 92, 6 (1984), 991--1016. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1831989Google ScholarCross Ref
- T13. 2017. Apoderados hacen fila por tres días para cupo en colegio. http://www.t13.cl/videos/nacional/video-apoderados-hacen-fila-tres-dias-cupo-colegioGoogle Scholar
- Juan P. Valenzuela, Cristian Bellei, and Danae De los Ríos. 2008. Evolución de la Segregación Socioeconómica de los Estudiantes Chilenos y su Relación con el Financiamiento Compartido. Technical Report. Ministerio de Educación.Google Scholar
- Juan P. Valenzuela, Cristian Bellei, and Danae De los R'ios. 2014. Socioeconomic school segregation in a market-oriented educational system. The case of Chile. Journal of education Policy, Vol. 29, 2 (2014), 217--241.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Juan P. Valenzuela, Cristian Bellei, A Osses, and A Sevilla. 2011. ¿ Por qué los jóvenes chilenos mejoraron su competencia lectora en la prueba PISA. Evidencias para Pol'iticas Públicas en Educación (2011), 265--311.Google Scholar
- Cristóbal Villalobos and Juan P. Valenzuela. 2012. Polarización y cohesión social del sistema escolar chileno. Revista de análisis económico, Vol. 27, 2 (2012), 145--172.Google Scholar
- Guillermo Wormald, Carolina Flores, Francisco Sabatini, Mar'ia Paz Trebilcock, and Alejandra Rasse Figueroa. 2012. Cultura de cohesión e integración en las ciudades chilenas. Revista invi, Vol. 27, 76 (2012), 117--145.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- School Choice in Chile
Recommendations
School Choice in Chile
In “School Choice in Chile,” Correa et al. describe the design and implementation of the new school admissions system in Chile. The design, based on the celebrated work of Gale, Shapley, and Roth, involves several challenges to comply with the Chilean ...
Centralized school admission mechanisms are an attractive way of improving social welfare and fairness in large educational systems. In this paper, we report the design and implementation of the newly established school choice system in Chile, where over ...
First-Choice Maximal and First-Choice Stable School Choice Mechanisms
EC '18: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on Economics and ComputationWe investigate the class of school choice mechanisms that are first-choice maximal (FCM) (i.e., they match a maximal number of students to their reported first choices) and first-choice stable (FCS) (i.e., no students form blocking pairs with their ...
Optimal Commissions and Subscriptions in Networked Markets
EC '18: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on Economics and ComputationPlatforms facilitating the exchange of goods and services between individuals are prevalent: one can purchase goods from others on eBay, arrange accommodation through Airbnb, and find temporary projects/workers on online labor markets such as Upwork. ...
Comments