Sukeshini A. Grandhi
Skip Abstract Section
Abstract
This paper explores the ways in which users give up as well as revert back to using social media based on the analysis of qualitative data from 680 respondents to a survey (N=1072). By focusing on the motivations rather than any particular social media platform, we were able to uncover reasons for voluntary non-use and reversion when users have a choice of several social media platforms. Our findings provide an ecological view of social media non-use and reversion highlighting that 1) previous findings of social media non-use and reversion reported on a single social media platform (e.g. Facebook, Twitter) are seen across several other platforms too; 2) access to multiple social media platforms in itself readily leads to non-use of one platform in favor of the use of another for reasons such as lack of differentiation and/or richness of features, device constraints of storage/ memory space or operating system support, perceptions of fading popularity, and availability of "a new kid on the block;" 3) findings of non-use and reversion practices and motivations that were seemingly incongruent between previous studies of different or same social media platforms tend to coalesce when we take a wider look at the social media landscape. By adopting the theoretical lens of cognitive biases in decision-making we were able to explain why users quit but decide to revert to using again in the environment of various positive and negative experiences on a particular platform, and to reconcile the seemingly paradoxical reasons for social media non-use and reversion.
- Eric P. S. Baumer and Jed R. Brubaker. 2017. Post-userism. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17), 6291--6303. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025740Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Eric P. S. Baumer, Jenna Burrell, Morgan G. Ames, Jed R. Brubaker, and Paul Dourish. 2015. On the Importance and Implications of Studying Technology Non-use. interactions 22, 2 (February 2015), 52--56. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2723667Google Scholar
- Eric P. S. Baumer, Shion Guha, Emily Quan, David Mimno, and Geri K. Gay. 2015. Missing Photos, Suffering Withdrawal, or Finding Freedom? How Experiences of Social Media Non-Use Influence the Likelihood of Reversion. Social Media + Society 1, 2 (July 2015), 2056305115614851. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115614851Google Scholar
- Eric P. S. Baumer, Rui Sun, and Peter Schaedler. 2018. Departing and Returning: Sense of Agency As an Organizing Concept for Understanding Social Media Non/Use Transitions. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW (November 2018), 23:1--23:19. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3274292Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eric P.S. Baumer, Phil Adams, Vera D. Khovanskaya, Tony C. Liao, Madeline E. Smith, Victoria Schwanda Sosik, and Kaiton Williams. 2013. Limiting, Leaving, and (Re)Lapsing: An Exploration of Facebook Non-use Practices and Experiences. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13), 3257--3266. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466446Google ScholarDigital Library
- Warren K. Bickel, Michelle L. Miller, Richard Yi, Benjamin P. Kowal, Diana M. Lindquist, and Jeffery A. Pitcock. 2007. Behavioral and Neuroeconomics of Drug Addiction: Competing Neural Systems and Temporal Discounting Processes. Drug Alcohol Depend 90, Suppl 1 (September 2007), S85--S91. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.016Google Scholar
- Jed R Brubaker, Mike Ananny, and Kate Crawford. 2016. Departing glances: A sociotechnical account of 'leaving' Grindr. New Media & Society 18, 3 (March 2016), 373--390. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814542311Google Scholar
- Moira Burke and Robert E. Kraut. 2014. Growing Closer on Facebook: Changes in Tie Strength Through Social Network Site Use. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14), 4187--4196. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557094Google ScholarDigital Library
- Moira Burke, Cameron Marlow, and Thomas Lento. 2010. Social Network Activity and Social Well-being. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '10), 1909--1912. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753613Google ScholarDigital Library
- Regina Collins, Catherine Dwyer, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, and Harshada Shrivastav. 2012. Do I Know What You Can See? Social Networking Sites and Privacy Management. In AMCIS.Google Scholar
- Geoff Cooper and John Bowers. 1995. The Social and Interactional Dimensions of Human-computer Interfaces. In Peter J. Thomas (ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA, 48--66. Retrieved February 17, 2019 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=214811.214821Google Scholar
- Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss. 2007. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (3rd edition ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc, Los Angeles, Calif.Google Scholar
- Constantinos Coursaris, Wietske Van Osch, Jieun Sung, and Younghwa Yun. 2013. Disentangling Twitter's Adoption and Use (Dis)Continuance: A Theoretical and Empirical Amalgamation of Uses and Gratifications and Diffusion of Innovations. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 5, 1 (March 2013), 57--83.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fred D. Davis. 1989. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly 13, 3 (1989), 319--340. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/249008Google ScholarDigital Library
- Andrew Dillon and Michael G. Morris. 1996. User Acceptance of Information Technology: Theories and Models. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) 31, (1996), 3--32.Google Scholar
- Maeve Duggen, Nicole Ellison, Cliff Lampe, Amanda Lenhart, and Mary Madden. 2015. Social Media Site Usage 2014 | Pew Research Center. Retrieved May 14, 2019 from https://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/Google Scholar
- Catherine Dwyer, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, and Katia Passerini. 2007. Trust and Privacy Concern Within Social Networking Sites: A Comparison of Facebook and MySpace. In AMCIS.Google Scholar
- Nicole B. Ellison, Charles Steinfield, and Cliff Lampe. 2007. The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites. J Comput Mediat Commun 12, 4 (July 2007), 1143--1168. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083--6101.2007.00367.xGoogle ScholarCross Ref
- Lindsay Ems. 2015. Exploring ethnographic techniques for ICT non-use research: An Amish case study. First Monday 20, 11 (November 2015). DOI:https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i11.6312Google ScholarCross Ref
- Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen. 1975. Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: an introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.Google Scholar
- Andrea Forte, Michael Dickard, Rachel Magee, and Denise E. Agosto. 2014. What Do Teens Ask Their Online Social Networks?: Social Search Practices Among High School Students. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW '14), 28--37. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2531602.2531723Google Scholar
- Shion Guha, Eric P.S. Baumer, and Geri K. Gay. 2018. Regrets, I'Ve Had a Few: When Regretful Experiences Do (and Don'T) Compel Users to Leave Facebook. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on Supporting Groupwork (GROUP '18), 166--177. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3148330.3148338Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shion Guha and Jeremy Birnholtz. 2013. Can You See Me Now?: Location, Visibility and the Management of Impressions on Foursquare. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '13), 183--192. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2493190.2493209Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eszter Hargittai. 2007. Whose Space? Differences among Users and Non-Users of Social Network Sites. J Comput Mediat Commun 13, 1 (October 2007), 276--297. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083--6101.2007.00396.xGoogle ScholarDigital Library
- George Caspar Homans. 1961. Social behavior: its elementary forms. Harcourt, Brace & World, New York.Google Scholar
- Adam N. Joinson. 2008. Looking at, Looking Up or Keeping Up with People?: Motives and Use of Facebook. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '08), 1027--1036. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357213Google ScholarDigital Library
- Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. 1984. Choices, values, and frames. American Psychologist 39, 4 (1984), 341--350. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.4.341Google ScholarCross Ref
- Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumler, and Michael Gurevitch. 1973. Uses and Gratifications Research. The Public Opinion Quarterly 37, 4 (1973), 509--523.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld. 1955. Personal influence: the part played by people in the flow of mass communications. Free Press, New York, NY, US.Google Scholar
- Cliff Lampe, Nicole Ellison, and Charles Steinfield. 2006. A Face(Book) in the Crowd: Social Searching vs. Social Browsing. In Proceedings of the 2006 20th Anniversary Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '06), 167--170. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/1180875.1180901Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cliff Lampe, Jessica Vitak, and Nicole Ellison. 2013. Users and Nonusers: Interactions Between Levels of Adoption and Social Capital. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '13), 809--820. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441867Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alex Leavitt. When the User Disappears: Situational Non-Use of Social Technologies. In CHI '14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pages 65--68, 3. Retrieved February 17, 2019 from http://nonuse.jedbrubaker.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/NonUse_CHI_AlexLeavitt_final.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Rainie Lee, Aaron Smith, and Maeve Duggan. 2013. Coming and Going on Facebook | Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 17, 2019 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/02/05/coming-and-going-on-facebook/Google Scholar
- Rachel M. Magee, Denise E. Agosto, and Andrea Forte. 2017. Four Factors That Regulate Teen Technology Use in Everyday Life. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '17), 511--522. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998310Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alice E Marwick and danah boyd. 2014. Networked privacy: How teenagers negotiate context in social media. New Media & Society 16, 7 (November 2014), 1051--1067. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814543995Google ScholarCross Ref
- Robert K. Merton. 1968. Social Theory and Social Structure (Enlarged edition). Free Press, New York, NY.Google Scholar
- Susan Moeller, Elia Powers, and Jessica Roberts. 2012. «El mundo desconectado» y «24 horas sin medios»: alfabetización mediática para la conciencia crítica de los jóvenes. Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación 20, 39 (2012), 45--52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3916/C39--2012-02-04Google Scholar
- Arnaldo Oliveira. 2007. Decision-Making Theories and Models: A Discussion of Rational and Psychological Decision-Making Theories and Models: The Search for a Cultural-Ethical Decision-Making Model. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies 12, 2 (2007), 12--17.Google Scholar
- Leysia Palen and Paul Dourish. 2003. Unpacking "Privacy" for a Networked World. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '03), 129--136. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642635Google ScholarDigital Library
- Michael G. Pratt. 2008. Fitting Oval Pegs Into Round Holes: Tensions in Evaluating and Publishing Qualitative Research in Top-Tier North American Journals. Organizational Research Methods 11, 3 (July 2008), 481--509. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428107303349Google ScholarCross Ref
- John Raacke and Jennifer Bonds-Raacke. 2008. MySpace and Facebook: applying the uses and gratifications theory to exploring friend-networking sites. Cyberpsychol Behav 11, 2 (April 2008), 169--174. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0056Google ScholarCross Ref
- Everett M Rogers. 1995. Diffusion of innovations. Free Press, New York.Google Scholar
- Thomas E. Ruggiero. 2000. Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century. Mass Communication and Society 3, 1 (February 2000), 3--37. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02Google ScholarCross Ref
- Christine Satchell and Paul Dourish. 2009. Beyond the User: Use and Non-use in HCI. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7 (OZCHI '09), 9--16. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/1738826.1738829Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sarita Yardi Schoenebeck. 2014. Giving Up Twitter for Lent: How and Why We Take Breaks from Social Media. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14), 773--782. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2556983Google ScholarDigital Library
- Neil Selwyn. 2003. Apart from technology: understanding people's non-use of information and communication technologies in everyday life. Technology in Society 25, 1 (January 2003), 99--116. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160--791X(02)00062--3Google ScholarCross Ref
- E. Shafir. 2001. Decision Biases, Cognitive Psychology of. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes (eds.). Pergamon, Oxford, 3296--3300. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076--7/01608--9Google Scholar
- Hersh Shefrin. 2002. Behavioral decision making, forecasting, game theory, and role-play. International Journal of Forecasting 18, 3 (July 2002), 375--382. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169--2070(02)00021--3Google ScholarCross Ref
- Herbert A. Simon. 1991. Bounded Rationality and Organizational Learning. Organization Science 2, 1 (February 1991), 125--134. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.125Google ScholarDigital Library
- John J. Skowronski, W. Richard Walker, Dawn X. Henderson, and Gary D. Bond. 2014. The fading affect bias: Its history, its implications, and its future. In Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 49. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, US, 163--218.Google Scholar
- Manya Sleeper, Justin Cranshaw, Patrick Gage Kelley, Blase Ur, Alessandro Acquisti, Lorrie Faith Cranor, and Norman Sadeh. 2013. "I Read My Twitter the Next Morning and Was Astonished": A Conversational Perspective on Twitter Regrets. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13), 3277--3286. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466448Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anderson Smith, Aaron Monica. 2018. Social Media Use 2018: Demographics and Statistics | Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 17, 2019 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018/Google Scholar
- Ofir Turel. 2015. An Empirical Examination of the "Vicious Cycle" of Facebook Addiction. Journal of Computer Information Systems 55, 3 (March 2015), 83--91. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2015.11645775Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ofir Turel, Alexander Serenko, and Nick Bontis. 2011. Family and work-related consequences of addiction to organizational pervasive technologies. Information & Management 48, 2 (March 2011), 88--95. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2011.01.004Google ScholarDigital Library
- Viswanath Venkatesh, Michael G. Morris, Gordon B. Davis, and Fred D. Davis. 2003. User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View. MIS Quarterly 27, 3 (2003), 425--478. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yang Wang, Pedro Giovanni Leon, Alessandro Acquisti, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Alain Forget, and Norman Sadeh. 2014. A Field Trial of Privacy Nudges for Facebook. In Proceedings of the 32Nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14), 2367--2376. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557413Google ScholarDigital Library
- Donghee Yvette Wohn and Cliff Lampe. 2018. Psychological Wellbeing As an Explanation of User Engagement in the Lifecycle of Online Community Participation. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on Supporting Groupwork (GROUP '18), 184--195. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3148330.3148351Google ScholarDigital Library
- Donghee Yvette Wohn and Erin L. Spottswood. 2016. Reactions to other-generated face threats on Facebook and their relational consequences. Computers in Human Behavior 57, (April 2016), 187--194. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.021Google Scholar
- S. M. E. Wyatt. 2003. Non-users also matter: The construction of users and non-users of the Internet. (2003). Retrieved February 17, 2019 from https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=9fc15327--9657--4e65--9af3-b5def673f4e9Google Scholar
- Xuan Zhao, Cliff Lampe, and Nicole B. Ellison. 2016. The Social Media Ecology: User Perceptions, Strategies and Challenges. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '16), 89--100. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858333Google ScholarDigital Library
- Center for Humane Technology. Center for Humane Technology. Retrieved February 17, 2019 from http://humanetech.com/Google Scholar
- QuitFacebookDay.com. Retrieved February 17, 2019 from http://www.quitfacebookday.com/Google Scholar
- Will Facebook's Cambridge Analytica Scandal Actually Cause Users To Delete The App? NPR.org. Retrieved February 17, 2019 from https://www.npr.org/2018/03/21/595791340/will-facebooks-cambridge-analytica-scandal-actually-cause-users-to-delete-the-apGoogle Scholar
- The Last Goodbye. Path. Retrieved May 14, 2019 from https://blog.path.com/post/178172780707/the-last-goodbyeGoogle Scholar
- What is the Diaspora Social Network. Top 10 Social Media. Retrieved May 14, 2019 from https://www.toptensocialmedia.com/what-is-the-diaspora-social-network/Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Do I Stay or Do I Go?: Motivations and Decision Making in Social Media Non-use and Reversion
Recommendations
Revisiting the Privacy Paradox: Concerns and Protection Strategies in the Social Media Experiences of Older Adults
SMSociety '18: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Media and SocietyOlder adults (65+) use a wide range of digital media, yet have been slow in adopting social media specifically. In this paper, we explore to what extent privacy concerns could be a barrier to social media adoption in this demographic. By analyzing in-...
Regrets, I've Had a Few: When Regretful Experiences Do (and Don't) Compel Users to Leave Facebook
GROUP '18: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group WorkPrevious work has explored regretful experiences on social media. In parallel, scholars have examined how people do not use social media. This paper aims to synthesize these two research areas and asks: Do regretful experiences on social media influence ...
Inspecting interactions: online news media synergies in social media
ASONAM '18: Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and MiningThe rising popularity of social media has radically changed the way news content is propagated, including interactive attempts with new dimensions. To date, traditional news media such as newspapers, television and radio have already adapted their ...
Comments