ABSTRACT
We present RayGraphy display technology that renders volumetric graphics by superimposing the trajectories of lights in indoor space filled with fog. Since the traditional FogScreen approach requires the shaping of a thin layer of fog, it can only show two-dimensional images in a narrow range that is close to the fog-emitting nozzle. Although a method that renders volumetric graphics with plasma generated using high-power laser was also proposed, its operation in a public space is considered quite dangerous. The proposed system mainly comprises dozens of laser projectors circularly arranged in a fog-filled space, and renders volumetric graphics in a fog by superimposing weak laser beams from the projectors. Compared to the conventional methods, this system employing weak laser beams and the non-shaped innocuous fog is more scalable and safer. We aim to construct a new spatial augmented reality platform where computer-generated images can be drawn directly in the real world. We implement a prototype that consists of 32 laser projectors and a fog machine. Moreover, we evaluate and discuss the system performance and characteristics in experiments.
Supplemental Material
- 1977. Star Wars Episode 4: A New Hope | Lucasfilm.Com. https://www.lucasfilm.com/productions/episode-iv/.Google Scholar
- 1994. The Stanford 3D Scanning Repository. http://graphics.stanford.edu/data/3Dscanrep/.Google Scholar
- 2001. EyeVision. https://www.ri.cmu.edu/project/eyevision/.Google Scholar
- 2014. IEC 60825-1:2014 | IEC Webstore. https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/3587.Google Scholar
- 2014. Kimchi and Chips. https://www.kimchiandchips.com/works/#lightbarrier.Google Scholar
- 2016. Intel® Shooting Star™ System. https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/technology-innovation/shooting-star-system.html.Google Scholar
- 2016. Light of Birth | Art. https://www.w0w.co.jp/art/light_of_birth.Google Scholar
- 2016. Light Sculpture - Line. https://www.teamlab.art/concept/lightsculpture-line/.Google Scholar
- 2017. Online User’s Guide for the Python Mie Scattering Package (PyMieScatt) — PyMieScatt 1.7.5 Documentation. https://pymiescatt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.Google Scholar
- Peter C. Barnum, Srinivasa G. Narasimhan, and Takeo Kanade. 2010. A Multi-Layered Display with Water Drops. ACM Transactions on Graphics 29, 4 (July 2010), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778813Google ScholarDigital Library
- T.P. Caudell and D.W. Mizell. 1992. Augmented Reality: An Application of Heads-up Display Technology to Manual Manufacturing Processes. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, Kauai, HI, USA, 659–669 vol.2. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183317Google ScholarCross Ref
- Elizabeth Downing, Lambertus Hesselink, John Ralston, and Roger Macfarlane. 1996. A Three-Color, Solid-State, Three-Dimensional Display. Science 273, 5279 (Aug. 1996), 1185–1189. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5279.1185Google ScholarCross Ref
- Antonio Gomes, Calvin Rubens, Sean Braley, and Roel Vertegaal. 2016. BitDrones: Towards Using 3D Nanocopter Displays as Interactive Self-Levitating Programmable Matter. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, San Jose California USA, 770–780. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858519Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hironobu Gotoda. 2010. A Multilayer Liquid Crystal Display for Autostereoscopic 3D Viewing. In Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXI, Vol. 7524. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 75240P. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.840286Google Scholar
- E. Huber and M. Frost. 1998. Light Scattering by Small Particles. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 47, 2 (March 1998), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.1998.14Google ScholarCross Ref
- Katsuhisa Ito, Hiroyuki Yanagisawa, Hiroki Kikuchi, Hisao Sakurai, Izushi Kobayashi, Hiroaki Yasunaga, Hidenori Mori, Kazutatsu Tokuyama, Hirotaka Ishikawa, and Kengo Hayasaka. 2010. 360-Degree Autostereoscopic Display. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Emerging Technologies on - SIGGRAPH ’10. ACM Press, Los Angeles, California, 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1145/1836821.1836822Google ScholarDigital Library
- Frederic E. Ives. 1903. Parallax Stereogram and Process of Making Same.Google Scholar
- Satoshi Iwaki, Hiroshi Morimasa, Toshiro Noritsugu, and Minoru Kobayashi. 2011. Contactless Manipulation of an Object on a Plane Surface Using Multiple Air Jets. In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 3257–3262. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2011.5979879Google ScholarCross Ref
- Andrew Jones, Ian McDowall, Hideshi Yamada, Mark Bolas, and Paul Debevec. 2007. Rendering for an Interactive 360° Light Field Display. ACM Transactions on Graphics 26, 3 (July 2007), 40. https://doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276427Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hidei Kimura, Taro Uchiyama, and Hiroyuki Yoshikawa. 2006. Laser Produced 3D Display in the Air. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Emerging Technologies on - SIGGRAPH ’06. ACM Press, Boston, Massachusetts, 20. https://doi.org/10.1145/1179133.1179154Google ScholarDigital Library
- Takahiro Kusabuka and Shinichiro Eitoku. 2019. Lucciola: Presenting Aerial Images by Generating a Fog Screenat Any Point in the Same 3D Space as a User. In SIGGRAPH Asia 2019 Posters. ACM, Brisbane QLD Australia, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1145/3355056.3364566Google ScholarDigital Library
- Miu-Ling Lam, Bin Chen, and Yaozhung Huang. 2015. A Novel Volumetric Display Using Fog Emitter Matrix. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). 4452–4457. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2015.7139815Google ScholarCross Ref
- Miu-Ling Lam, Bin Chen, Kit-Yung Lam, and Yaozhun Huang. 2014. 3D Fog Display Using Parallel Linear Motion Platforms. In 2014 International Conference on Virtual Systems Multimedia (VSMM). 234–237. https://doi.org/10.1109/VSMM.2014.7136689Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cha Lee, Stephen DiVerdi, and Tobias Höllerer. 2007. An Immaterial Depth-Fused 3D Display. In Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology(VRST ’07). Association for Computing Machinery, Newport Beach, California, 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1145/1315184.1315221Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jinha Lee, Rehmi Post, and Hiroshi Ishii. 2011. ZeroN: Mid-Air Tangible Interaction Enabled by Computer Controlled Magnetic Levitation. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology - UIST ’11. ACM Press, Santa Barbara, California, USA, 327. https://doi.org/10.1145/2047196.2047239Google ScholarDigital Library
- MG. LIPPMANN. 1908. Epreuves Reversibles Donnant La Sensation Du Relief. J.de Phys 7(1908), 821–825. https://doi.org/10.1051/jphystap:019080070082100Google Scholar
- Damien Loterie, Paul Delrot, and Christophe Moser. 2020. High-Resolution Tomographic Volumetric Additive Manufacturing. Nature Communications 11, 1 (Feb. 2020), 852. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14630-4Google ScholarCross Ref
- Motohiro Makiguchi, Daisuke Sakamoto, Hideaki Takada, Kengo Honda, and Tetsuo Ono. 2019. Interactive 360-Degree Glasses-Free Tabletop 3D Display. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 625–637. https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347948Google ScholarDigital Library
- Diego Martinez Plasencia, Edward Joyce, and Sriram Subramanian. 2014. MisTable: Reach-through Personal Screens for Tabletops. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3493–3502. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557325Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rafael Morales, Asier Marzo, Sriram Subramanian, and Diego Martínez. 2019. LeviProps: Animating Levitated Optimized Fabric Structures Using Holographic Acoustic Tweezers. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 651–661. https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347882Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tomoharu Nakamura, Tomoya Yano, Kohki Watanabe, Yui Ishii, Hideki Ono, Ippei Tambata, Nobuki Furue, and Yuji Nakahata. 2019. 360-Degree Transparent Holographic Screen Display. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2019 Emerging Technologies. ACM, Los Angeles California, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1145/3305367.3327974Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yoichi Ochiai, Takayuki Hoshi, and Jun Rekimoto. 2014. Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in Computational Acoustic-Potential Field. ACM Transactions on Graphics 33, 4 (July 2014), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/2601097.2601118Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yoichi Ochiai, Kota Kumagai, Takayuki Hoshi, Jun Rekimoto, Satoshi Hasegawa, and Yoshio Hayasaki. 2016. Fairy Lights in Femtoseconds: Aerial and Volumetric Graphics Rendered by Focused Femtosecond Laser Combined with Computational Holographic Fields. ACM Transactions on Graphics 35, 2 (May 2016), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/2850414Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ismo Rakkolainen and Karri Palovuori. 2002. Walk-Thru Screen. In Projection Displays VIII, Vol. 4657. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463792Google Scholar
- Jun Rekimoto and Katashi Nagao. 1995. The World through the Computer: Computer Augmented Interaction with Real World Environments. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface and Software Technology - UIST ’95. ACM Press, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1145/215585.215639Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hideo Saito, Hidei Kimura, Satoru Shimada, Takeshi Naemura, Jun Kayahara, Songkran Jarusirisawad, Vincent Nozick, Hiroyo Ishikawa, Toshiyuki Murakami, Jun Aoki, Akira Asano, Tatsumi Kimura, Masayuki Kakehata, Fumio Sasaki, Hidehiko Yashiro, Masahiko Mori, Kenji Torizuka, and Kouta Ino. 2008. Laser-Plasma Scanning 3D Display for Putting Digital Contents in Free Space. In Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XIX, Vol. 6803. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 680309. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768068Google Scholar
- D. E. Smalley, E. Nygaard, K. Squire, J. Van Wagoner, J. Rasmussen, S. Gneiting, K. Qaderi, J. Goodsell, W. Rogers, M. Lindsey, K. Costner, A. Monk, M. Pearson, B. Haymore, and J. Peatross. 2018. A Photophoretic-Trap Volumetric Display. Nature 553, 7689 (Jan. 2018), 486–490. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25176Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ivan E. Sutherland. 1968. A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display. In Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, Fall Joint Computer Conference, Part I(AFIPS ’68 (Fall, Part I)). Association for Computing Machinery, San Francisco, California, 757–764. https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476686Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ippei Suzuki, Shuntarou Yoshimitsu, Keisuke Kawahara, Nobutaka Ito, Atushi Shinoda, Akira Ishii, Takatoshi Yoshida, and Yoichi Ochiai. 2016. Gushed Diffusers: Fast-Moving, Floating, and Lightweight Midair Display. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology - UIST ’16 Adjunct. ACM Press, Tokyo, Japan, 69–70. https://doi.org/10.1145/2984751.2985706Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yutaka Tokuda, Kunihiro Nishimura, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Tomohiro Tanikawa, and Michitaka Hirose. 2010. Vortex Ring Based Display. In 2010 16th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia. 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1109/VSMM.2010.5665968Google Scholar
- Yuki Uno, Hao Qiu, Toru Sai, Shunta Iguchi, Yota Mizutani, Takayuki Hoshi, Yoshihiro Kawahara, Yasuaki Kakehi, and Makoto Takamiya. 2018. Luciola: A Millimeter-Scale Light-Emitting Particle Moving in Mid-Air Based On Acoustic Levitation and Wireless Powering. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 1, 4 (Jan. 2018), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3161182Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ernst Heinrich Weber. 1834. De pulsu, resorptione, auditu et tactu: Annotationes anatomicae et physiologicae, auctore. University of California Libraries.Google Scholar
- Gordon Wetzstein, Douglas Lanman, Matthew Hirsch, and Ramesh Raskar. 2012. Tensor Displays: Compressive Light Field Synthesis Using Multilayer Displays with Directional Backlighting. ACM Transactions on Graphics 31, 4 (Aug. 2012), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/2185520.2185576Google ScholarDigital Library
- Asuka Yagi, Masataka Imura, Yoshihiro Kuroda, and Osamu Oshiro. 2011. 360-Degree Fog Projection Interactive Display. In SIGGRAPH Asia 2011 Emerging Technologies(SA ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, Hong Kong, China, 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/2073370.2073388Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wataru Yamada, Kazuhiro Yamada, Hiroyuki Manabe, and Daizo Ikeda. 2017. iSphere: Self-Luminous Spherical Drone Display. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, Québec City QC Canada, 635–643. https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126631Google ScholarDigital Library
Recommendations
Fairy Lights in Femtoseconds: Aerial and Volumetric Graphics Rendered by Focused Femtosecond Laser Combined with Computational Holographic Fields
We present a method of rendering aerial and volumetric graphics using femtosecond lasers. A high-intensity laser excites physical matter to emit light at an arbitrary three-dimensional position. Popular applications can thus be explored, especially ...
Virtual Volumetric Graphics on Commodity Displays Using 3D Viewer Tracking
Three dimensional (3D) displays typically rely on stereo disparity, requiring specialized hardware to be worn or embedded in the display. We present a novel 3D graphics display system for volumetric scene visualization using only standard 2D display ...
Visualization and Computer Graphics on Isotropically Emissive Volumetric Displays
The availability of commodity volumetric displays provides ordinary users with a new means of visualizing 3D data. Many of these displays are in the class of isotropically emissive light devices, which are designed to directly illumi-nate voxels in a 3D ...
Comments