skip to main content
10.1145/3408066.3408106acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesiccmsConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

BlockHR: A Blockchain-based Framework for Health Records Management

Authors Info & Claims
Published:11 August 2020Publication History

ABSTRACT

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become a popular method to store and manage patients' data in hospitals. Sharing these records make the current healthcare system more accurate and cost-efficient. Currently, EHRs are stored using the client-server architecture allowing the hospitals or a cloud service provider to retain the stewardship of the patients' data. In addition, the records of a patient are scattered among different hospitals using heterogeneous databases. Consequently, patients face difficulties to construct a cohesive view of their medical data history to focus on the details of their healthcare. The replication mechanism and security features of the blockchain has a promising future in the healthcare domain presenting solutions to the complexity, confidentiality, integrity, interoperability, and privacy issues of the current client-server architecture-based EHRs management system. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based framework for health records management (BlockHR); a medical support system for medical professionals for better prognosis/diagnosis and follow-up on patients. BlockHR incorporates tools for patients to upload medical and lifestyle data used to predict their risk of developing chronic diseases.

References

  1. Androulaki, E. et al. 2018. Hyperledger Fabric: A Distributed Operating System for Permissioned Blockchains. Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference (2018), 30.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Azaria, A. et al. 2016. MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management. 2016 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD). (2016), 25--30. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/OBD.2016.11.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Badr, S. et al. 2018. Multi-tier Blockchain Framework for IoT-EHRs Systems. Procedia Computer Science. 141, (2018), 159--166. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.162.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index - Digiconomist: https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption. Accessed: 2019-03-27.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Bitcoin mining consumes more electricity a year than Ireland | Technology | The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/27/bitcoin-mining-consumes-electricity-ireland. Accessed: 2019-03-27.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Brogan, J. et al. 2018. Authenticating Health Activity Data Using Distributed Ledger Technologies. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. 16, (2018), 257--266. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2018.06.004.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. Capzule PHR: https://www.capzule.com/. Accessed: 2019-03-28.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Considerations for Blockchain in Healthcare | HIMSS: https://www.himss.org/library/considerations-blockchain-healthcare. Accessed: 2019-03-28.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. Dagher, G.G. et al. 2018. Ancile: Privacy-preserving framework for access control and interoperability of electronic health records using blockchain technology. Sustainable Cities and Society. 39, February (2018), 283--297. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.02.014.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Dey, T. et al. 2017. HealthSense: A medical use case of Internet of Things and blockchain. 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS) (2017).Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data.: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31995L0046. Accessed: 2019-05-15.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Drosatos, G. et al. 2018. Notarization of Knowledge Retrieval from Biomedical Repositories using Blockchain Technology. Precision Medicine Powered by pHealth and Connected Health. Springer. 69-73.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Energy consumption: Proof of work versus PBFT: https://crushcrypto.com/what-is-practical-byzantine-fault-tolerance/ Accessed: 2019-04-21.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Fan, K. et al. 2018. MedBlock: Efficient and Secure Medical Data Sharing Via Blockchain. Journal of Medical Systems. 42, (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0993-7.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. GenexEHR: https://www.genexehr.com/individual-electronic-healthrecord. Accessed: 2019-03-28.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Griggs, K.N. et al. 2018. Healthcare Blockchain System Using Smart Contracts for Secure Automated Healthcare Blockchain System Using Smart Contracts for Secure. Journal of medical systems. 42, 7 (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0982-x.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Guo, R.U.I. et al. 2018. Secure Attribute-Based Signature Scheme With Multiple Authorities for Blockchain in Electronic Health Records Systems. IEEE Access. 6, (2018), 11676--11686.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  18. Has health care hacking become an epidemic? | PBS NewsHour: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/has-health-care-hacking-become-an-epidemic. Accessed: 2019-03-25.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Health Sector Cybersecurity Coordination Center (HC3), M. A Cost Analysis of Healthcare Sector Data Breaches.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. Healthcare Data Breach Statistics: https://www.hipaajournal.com/healthcare-data-breach-statistics/. Accessed: 2019-05-15.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. HIMSS - Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society | HIMSS: https://www.himss.org/. Accessed: 2019-03-28.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Hussein, A.F. et al. 2018. A medical records managing and securing blockchain based system supported by a Genetic Algorithm and Discrete Wavelet Transform. Cognitive Systems Research. 52, (2018), 1--11. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.05.004.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Introduction - HealthVault Development | Microsoft Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/healthvault/introduction/introduction. Accessed: 2019-03-28.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Ismail, L. et al. 2019. Towards a Blockchain Deployment at UAE University: Performance Evaluation and Blockchain Taxonomy. 2019 International Conference on Blockchain Technology (2019).Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. Jamoom, E.W. et al. 2016. Adoption of Certified Electronic Health Record Systems and Electronic Information Sharing in Physician Offices: United States, 2013 and 2014. 236 (2016), 2013--2014.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. Juneja, A. and Marefat, M. 2018. Leveraging blockchain for retraining deep learning architecture in patient-specific arrhythmia classification. 2018 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI) (2018).Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  27. Kaur, H. et al. 2018. A Proposed Solution and Future Direction for Blockchain-Based Heterogeneous Medicare Data in Cloud Environment. Journal of Medical Systems. 42, (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-1007-5.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. Kleinaki, A. et al. 2018. A Blockchain-Based Notarization Service for Biomedical Knowledge Retrieval. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. 16, (2018), 288--297. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2018.08.002.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. Li, H. et al. 2018. Blockchain-Based Data Preservation System for Medical Data. Journal of Medical Systems. 42, (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0997-3.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  30. Liang, X. et al. 2017. Integrating Blockchain for Data Sharing and Collaboration in Mobile Healthcare Applications. IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) (2017), 1--5.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  31. MTBC PHR: Personal Health Records for Patients: https://phr.mtbc.com/phrdefault.aspx. Accessed: 2019-03-28.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  32. My Medical: http://mymedicalapp.com/. Accessed: 2019-03-28.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. Nakamoto, S. 2008. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  34. OpenClinical e-Health Applications: myPHR: http://www.openclinical.org/publicApp_myPHR.html. Accessed: 2019-03-28.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  35. Patel, V. 2018. A framework for secure and decentralized sharing of medical imaging data via blockchain consensus. Health informatics journal. (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458218769699.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  36. Roehrs, A. et al. 2017. OmniPHR: A distributed architecture model to integrate personal health records. Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 71, (2017), 70--81. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2017.05.012.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  37. Saravanan, M. et al. 2017. SMEAD: A Secured Mobile Enabled Assisting Device for Diabetics Monitoring. EEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS) (2017).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  38. Scherer, M. 2017. Performance and Scalability of Blockchain Networks and Smart Contracts.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  39. The HIPAA Privacy Rule: https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/index.html. Accessed: 2019-05-15.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  40. Uddin, A. et al. 2018. Continuous Patient Monitoring With a Patient Centric Agent: A Block Architecture. IEEE Access. 6, (2018), 32700--32726. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2846779.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  41. Wang, H. and Song, Y. 2018. Secure Cloud-Based EHR System Using Attribute-Based Cryptosystem and Blockchain. Journal of Medical Systems. 42, (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0994-6.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  42. Wang, S. et al. 2018. Blockchain-Powered Parallel Healthcare Systems Based on the ACP Approach. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems. 5, 4 (2018), 942--950. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2018.2865526.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  43. What is an electronic health record (EHR)? | HealthIT.gov: https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr. Accessed: 2019-03-25.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  44. Who Owns Medical Records: 50 State Comparison | Health Information & the Law: http://www.healthinfolaw.org/comparative-analysis/who-owns-medical-records-50-state-comparison. Accessed: 2019-03-25.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  45. Yue, X. et al. 2016. Healthcare Data Gateways: Found Healthcare Intelligence on Blockchain with Novel Privacy Risk Control. Journal of Medical Systems. (2016). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-016-0574-6.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  46. Zhang, J.I.E. et al. 2016. A Secure System For Pervasive Social Network-Based Healthcare. IEEE Access. 4 (2016), 9239--9250.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  47. Zhang, X. and Poslad, S. 2018. Blockchain Support for Flexible Queries with Granular Access Control to Electronic Medical Records (EMR). 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (2018).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  48. Zheng, Z. et al. 2018. Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services. 14, 4 (2018), 352. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWGS.2018.095647.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  49. 2013. Health Care Systems and Medical Devices at Risk for Increased Cyber Intrusions for Financial Gain. Federal Bureau of Investigation.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. BlockHR: A Blockchain-based Framework for Health Records Management

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in
    • Published in

      cover image ACM Other conferences
      ICCMS '20: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation
      June 2020
      219 pages
      ISBN:9781450377034
      DOI:10.1145/3408066

      Copyright © 2020 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 11 August 2020

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article
      • Research
      • Refereed limited
    • Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)111
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)5

      Other Metrics

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader