ABSTRACT
LoRa, as a representative Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology, can provide long-range communication for battery-powered IoT devices with a 10-year lifetime. LoRa links in practice, however, experience high dynamics in various environments. When the SNR falls below the threshold (e.g., in the building), a LoRa device disconnects from the network. We propose Falcon, which addresses the link dynamics by enabling data transmission for very low SNR or even disconnected LoRa links. At the heart of Falcon, we reveal that low SNR LoRa links that cannot deliver packets can still introduce interference to other LoRa transmissions. Therefore, Falcon transmits data bits on the low SNR link by selectively interfering with other LoRa transmissions. We address practical challenges in Falcon design. We propose a low-power channel activity detection method to detect other LoRa transmissions for selective interference. To interfere with the so-called interference-resilient LoRa, we accurately estimate the time and frequency offsets on LoRa packets and propose an adaptive frequency adjusting strategy to maximize the interference. We implement Falcon, all using commercial off-the-shelf LoRa devices, and extensively evaluate its performance. The results show that Falcon can provide reliable communication links for disconnected LoRa devices and achieves the SNR boundary upto 7.5 dB lower than that of standard LoRa.
- Yiwei Ma and Jianliang Chen. Toward intelligent agriculture service platform with lora-based wireless sensor network. In Proceedings of IEEE ICASI, Tokyo, Japan, April 13--17, 2018.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jithu G. Panicker, Mohamed Azman, and R. Kashyap. A lora wireless mesh network for wide-area animal tracking. In Proceedings of IEEE ICECCT, Tamil Nadu, India, February 20--22, 2019.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lili Chen, Jie Xiong, Xiaojiang Chen, Sunghoon Ivan Lee, Kai Chen, Dianhe Han, Dingyi Fang, Zhanyong Tang, and Zheng Wang. Widesee: Towards wide-area contactless wireless sensing. In Proceedings of ACM SenSys, New York, NY, USA, November 10--13, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Jedermann, M. Borysov, N. Hartgenbusch, S. Jaeger, M. Sellwig, and W. Lang. Testing lora for food applications - example application for airflow measurements inside cooled warehouses with apples. Procedia Manufacturing, 24(5):284--289, February 2018.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. P. Shanmuga Sundaram, W. Du, and Z. Zhao. A survey on lora networking: Research problems, current solutions, and open issues. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 22(l):371--388, October 2019.Google Scholar
- Ghena Branden, Adkins Joshua, Shangguan Longfei, Jamieson Kyle, Levis Phil, and Dutta Prabal. Challenge: Unlicensed lpwans are not yet the path to ubiquitous connectivity. In Proceedings of ACM Mobicom, Los Cabos, Mexico, October 21--25, 2019.Google Scholar
- Jansen C Liando, Amalinda Gamage, Agustinus W Tengourtius, and Mo Li. Known and unknown facts of lora: Experiences from a large-scale measurement study. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 15(2):l-35, February 2019.Google Scholar
- Adwait Dongare, Revathy Narayanan, Akshay Gadre, Anh Luong, Artur Balanuta, Swarun Kumar, Bob Iannucci, and Anthony Rowe. Charm: exploiting geographical diversity through coherent combining in low-power wide-area networks. In Processings of ACM/IEEE IPSN, Porto, Portugal, April 11--13, 2018.Google Scholar
- Jun Liu, Weitao Xu, Sanjay Jha, and Wen Hu. Nephalai: Towards lpwan c-ran with physical layer compression. In Proceedings of ACM MobiCom, Online, September 21--25, 2020.Google Scholar
- Artur Balanuta, Nuno Pereira, Swarun Kumar, and Anthony Rowe. A cloud-optimized link layer for low-power wide-area networks. In Proceedings of ACM MobiSys, Toronto, Canada, June 16--19, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Akshay Gadre, Revathy Narayanan, Anh Luong, Anthony Rowe, Bob Iannucci, and Swarun Kumar. Frequency configuration for low-power wide-area networks in a heartbeat. In Proceedings of USENTX NSDI, Online, Februray 25--27, 2020.Google Scholar
- Rashad Eletreby, Diana Zhang, Swarun Kumar, and Osman Yağan. Empowering low-power wide area networks in urban settings. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 21--25, 2017.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tallal Elshabrawy and Joerg Robert. Closed-form approximation of lora modulation ber performance. IEEE Communications Letters, 22(9):1778--1781, June 2018.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Amalinda Gamage, Jansen Christian Liando, Chaojie Gu, Rui Tan, and Mo Li. Lmac: Efficient carrier-sense multiple access for lora. In Proceedings of ACM MobiCom, Online, September 21--25, 2020.Google Scholar
- Semtch. Sx1278/77/78/79 datasheet. Available: https://www.semtech.com/.Google Scholar
- Bernat Carbonés Fargas and Martin Nordal Petersen. Gps-free geolocation using lora in low-power wans. In Proceedings of IEEE GIoTS, 2017.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nico Podevijn, David Plets, Jens Trogh, Luc Martens, Pieter Suanet, Kim Hendríkse, and Wout Joseph. Tdoa-based outdoor positioning with tracking algorithm in a public lora network. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- USRP Ettus. N210 datasheet. Available: https://www.ettus.com/.Google Scholar
- Semtch. Sxl301 datasheet. Available: https://www.semtech.com/.Google Scholar
- Monsoon Solutions Inc. High voltage power monitor. Available: https://www.msoon.com/high-voltage-power-monitor.Google Scholar
- Yuxiang Lin, Wei Dong, Yi Gao, and Tao Gu. Sateloc: A virtual fingerprinting approach to outdoor lora localization using satellite images. In Proceedings of ACM/IEEE IPSN, Online, April 21--24, 2020.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yao Peng, Longfei Shangguan, Yue Hu, Yujie Qian, Xianshang Lin, Xiaojiang Chen, Dingyi Fang, and Kyle Jamieson. Plora: a passive long-range data network from ambient lora transmissions. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, Budapest, Hungary, August 20--25, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Xiong Wang, Linghe Kong, Liang He, and Guihai Chen, mlora: A multi-packet reception protocol for lora communications. In Proceedings of IEEE ICNP, Chicago, Illinois, USA, October 7--10, 2019.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Zhe Wang, Linghe Kong, Kangjie Xu, Liang He, Kaishun Wu, and Guihai Chen. Online concurrent transmissions at lora gateway. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Online, July 6--9, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bin Hu, Zhimeng Yin, Shuai Wang, Zhuqing Xu, and Tian He. Sclora: Leveraging multi-dimensionality in decoding collided lora transmissions. In Proceedings of WEE ICNP, Online, October 13--16, 2020.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Zhenqiang Xu, Pengjin Xie, and Jiliang Wang. Pyramid: Real-time lora collision decoding with peak tracking. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Online, May 10--13, 2021.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Xia Xianjin, Zheng Yuanqing, and Gu Tao. Ftrack: Parallel decoding for lora transmissions. In Proceedings of ACM SenSys, New York, NY, USA, November 10--13, 2019.Google Scholar
- Shuai Tong, Jiliang Wang, and Yunhao Liu. Combating packet collisions using non-stationary signal scaling in lpwans. In Proceedings of ACM MobiSys, Toronto, Canada, June 16--19, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shuai Tong, Zhenqiang Xu, and Jiliang Wang. Colora: Enabling multi-packet reception in lora. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Online, July 6--9, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yinghui Li, Jing Yang, and Jiliang Wang Wang. Dylora: Towards energy efficient dynamic lora transmission control. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Online, July 6--9, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Weifeng Gao, Zhiwei Zhao, and Geyong Min. Adaplora: Resource adaptation for maximizing network lifetime in lora networks. In Proceedings of IEEE ICNP, Online, October 13--16, 2020.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Liu Li, Yao Yuguang, Cao Zhichao, and Zhang Mi. Deeplora: Learning accurate path loss model for long distance links in lpwan. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Online, May 10--13, 2021.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhenqiang Xu, Shuai Tong, Pengjin Xie, and Jiliang Wang. Fliplora: Resolving collisions with up-down quasi-orthogonality. In Proceedings of IEEE SECON, Online, June 22--25, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Akshay Gadre, Fan Yi, Anthony Rowe, Bob Iannucci, and Swarun Kumar. Quick (and dirty) aggregate queries on low-power wans. In Proceedings of ACM/IEEE IPSN, Online, April 21--24, 2020.Google Scholar
- Xianjin Xia, Yuanqing Zheng, and Tao Gu. Litenap: Downclocking lora reception. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Online, July 6--9, 2020.Google Scholar
- Ruofeng Liu, Zhimeng Yin, Wenchao Jiang, and Tian He. Xfi: Cross-technology iot data collection via commodity wifi. In Proceedings of IEEE ICNP, Online, October 13--16, 2020.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Junyang Shi, Di Mu, and Mo Sha. Lorabee: Cross-technology communication from lora to zigbee via payload encoding. In Proceedings of IEEE ICNP, Chicago, Illinois, USA, October 7--10, 2019.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ningning Hou and Yuanqing Zheng. Cloaklora: A covert channel over lora phy. In Proceedings of IEEE ICNP, Online, October 13--16, 2020.Google Scholar
- Zhijun Li and Yongrui Chen. Achieving universal low-power wide-area networks on existing wireless devices. In Proceedings of IEEE ICNP, Chicago, Illinois, USA, October 7--10, 2019.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Justin Chan, Anran Wang, Arvind Krishnamurthy, and Shyamnath Gollakota. Deepsense: Enabling carrier sense in low-power wide area networks using deep learning. In ArXiv, 2019.Google Scholar
- Xiong Wang, Linghe Kong, Zucheng Wu, Long Cheng, Chenren Xu, and Guihai Chen. Slora: towards secure lora communications with fine-grained physical layer features. In Proceedings of ACM SenSys, Online, November 16--19, 2020.Google Scholar
- Silvia Demetri, Marco Zúñiga, Gian Pietro Picco, Fernando Kuipers, Lorenzo Bruzzone, and Thomas Telkamp. Automated estimation of link quality for lora: A remote sensing approach. In Proceedings of IEEE IPSN, Montreal, Canada, April 16--18, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chaojie Gu, Linshan Jiang, Rui Tan, Mo Li, and Jun Huang. Attack-aware synchronization-free data timestamping in lorawan. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, In press, 2021.Google Scholar
- Ezzeldin Hamed, Hariharan Rahul, Mohammed A. Abdelghany, and Dina Katabi. Real-time distributed mimo systems. In SIGCOMM, Florianopolis, Brazil, August 22--26, 2016.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ezzeldin Hamed, Hariharan Rahul, and Bahar Partov. Chorus: truly distributed distributed-mimo. In SIGCOMM, Budapest, Hungary, August 20--25, 2018.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Se-Yeon Jeon, Min-Ho Ka, Seungha Shin, Munsung Kim, Seok Nyeon Kim, Sunwook Kim, Jeongbae Kim, Aulia Dewantari, Jaeheung Kim, and Hansup Chung. W-band mimo fmcw radar system with simultaneous transmission of orthogonal waveforms for high-resolution imaging. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 66(ll):5051--5064, September 2018.Google Scholar
- Arijit Roy, Debasish Deb, Harshal B. Nemade, and Ratnajit Bhattacharjee. Design of discrete frequency-coding waveforms using phase-coded linear chirp for multiuser and mimo radar systems. Karnataka, India, February 20--23, 2019.Google Scholar
- Diep N Nguyen and Marwan Krunz. A cooperative mimo framework for wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 10(3):l-28, 2014.Google Scholar
- Philip Lundrigan, Neal Patwari, and Sneha K Kasera. On-off noise power communication. In Proceedings of ACM Mobicom, Los Cabos, Mexico, October 21--25, 2019.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Vincent Liu, Aaron Parks, Vamsi Talla, Shyamnath Gollakota, David Wetherall, and Joshua R. Smith. Ambient backscatter: Wireless communication out of thin air. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, Hong Kong, China, 2013.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anran Wang, Vikram Iyer, Vamsi Talla, Joshua R. Smith, and Shyamnath Gollakota. FM backscatter: Enabling connected cities and smart fabrics. In Proceedings of USENIX NSDI, Boston, MA, USA, 2017.Google Scholar
- Pengyu Zhang, Dinesh Bharadia, Kiran Joshi, and Sachin Katti. HitchHike: Practical backscatter using commodity WiFi. In Proceedings of ACM SenSys, Stanford, CA, USA, 2016.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ali Abedi, Farzan Dehbashi, Mohammad Hossein Mazaheri, Omid Abari, and Tim Brecht. Witag: Seamless wifi backscatter communication. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, Virtual Event, USA, 2020.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mehrdad Hessar, Ali Najafì, and Shyamnath Gollakota. Netscatter: Enabling large-scale backscatter networks. In Proceedings of USENIX NSDI, Boston, MA, USA, February 26--28, 2019.Google Scholar
- Vamsi Talla, Mehrdad Hessar, Bryce Kellogg, Ali Najafì, Joshua R Smith, and Shyamnath Gollakota. Lora backscatter: Enabling the vision of ubiquitous connectivity. In Proceedings of ACM Ubicomp, Hawaii, USA, September 11--15, 2017.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Szymon Chachulski, Michael Jennings, Sachin Katti, and Dina Katabi. Trading structure for randomness in wireless opportunistic routing. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, ACM New York, NY, USA, 2007.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Omprakash Gnawali, Rodrigo Fonseca, Kyle Jamieson, David Moss, and Philip Levis. Collection tree protocol. In Proceedings of ACM SenSys, Berkeley, California, USA, 2009.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Michael Buettner, Gary V Yee, Eric Anderson, and Richard Han. X-mac: a short preamble mac protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of ACM SenSys, pages 307--320, 2006.Google Scholar
- Gang Zhou, Tian He, Sudha Krishnamurthy, and John A. Stankovic. Models and solutions for radio irregularity in wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 2(2):221--262, 2006.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chaojie Gu, Rui Tan, and Xin Lou. One-hop out-of-band control planes for multihop wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), 15(4):1--29, 2019.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Combating link dynamics for reliable lora connection in urban settings
Recommendations
Combating packet collisions using non-stationary signal scaling in LPWANs
MobiSys '20: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and ServicesLoRa, a representative Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, has been shown as a promising platform to connect Internet of Things. Practical LoRa deployments, however, suffer from collisions, especially in dense networks and wide coverage ...
A novel time-slotted LoRa MAC protocol for scalable IoT networks
AbstractLong Range (LoRa) networks provide long range, cost-effective and energy-efficient communications by utilizing the free unlicensed ISM band, which makes them appealing for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, in high density ...
Highlights- A probability collision model for all events that could result in collisions.
- ...
HyLink: Towards High Throughput LPWANs with LoRa Compatible Communication
SenSys '22: Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor SystemsThis paper presents the design and implementation of HyLink which aims to fill the gap between limited link capacity of LoRa and the diverse bandwidth requirements of IoT systems. At the heart of HyLink is a novel technique named parallel Chirp Spread ...
Comments