ABSTRACT
View-independent and view-dependent image synthesis techniques, represented by radiosity and ray tracing, respectively, are discussed. View-dependent techniques are found to have advantages for calculating the specular component of illumination and view-independent techniques for the diffuse component. Based on these observations a methodology is presented for simulating global illumination within complex environments using a two-pass approach. The first pass is view-independent and is based on the hemi-cube radiosity algorithm, with extensions to include the effects of diffuse transmission, and specular to diffuse reflection and transmission. The second pass is view-dependent and is based on an alternative to distributed ray tracing in which a z-buffer algorithm is used to sample the intensities contributing to the specularly reflected or transmitted intensity.
- 1.Amanatides, John, "Ray Tracing with Cones," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'84, In ComPuter Graphics, Vol. 18, No. 3, July 1984, pp. 129-136. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 2.Arvo, James, "Backward Ray Tracing," Developments in Ray Tracing, SIGGRAPH Course Notes, Vol. 12, 1986.Google Scholar
- 3.Bergmann, Larry, Henry Fuchs, Eric Grant, Susan Spach, "Image Rendering by Adaptive Refinement," Proceedings of SIGGRAPB'86, In Computer Graphics, Vol. 20, No, 4, Aug. 1986, pp. 29-38. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 4.Blinn, James F.,"Models of Light Reflection for Computer Synthesized pictures," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'77, In Computer Graphics, Vol. ll, No. 2, 1977, pp. 192-198. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 5.Cohen, Michael F. and Donald P. Greenherg, "A Radiosity Solution for Complex Environments," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'85, In Computer Graphics, Vol. 19, No. 3, July 1985, pp. 31-40. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 6.Cohen, Michael F., Donald P. Greenberg, David S. Immel, Philip J. Brock, "An Efficient Radiosity Approach for Realistic Image Synthesis," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol. 6, No. 2, March 1986, pp. 26-35.Google ScholarDigital Library
- 7.Cook, Robert L., and Kenneth E. Torrance, "A Reflection Model for Computer Graphics," ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. I, No. i, January 1982, pp. 7-24. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 8.Cook, Robert L., Thomas Porter and Loren Carpenter, "Distributed Ray Tracing," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'84, In Computer Graphics, Vol. 18, No. 3, July 1984, pp.137-145. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 9.Cook, Robert L., "Stochastic Sampling in Computer Graphics," ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 5, No. I, January 1986, pp 51-72. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 10.Dippe, Mark A. Z., Erling Henry Wold, "Antialiasing Through Stochastic Sampling," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'85, In Computer Graphics, Vol 19, No. 3, July 1985, pp. 69-78. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 11.Dunkle, R. V., "Radiant interchange in an enclosure with specular surfaces and enclosures with window or diathermanous walls.", in Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics and Education, edited by H.A. Johnson, Boelter Anniversary Volume, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964.Google Scholar
- 12.Eckert, E. R. G., and Sparrow, E. M., "Radiative Heat Exchange Between Surfaces with Specular Reflection," International Journal of Hea___{t and Mass Transfer, Vol. 3, pp. 42-54, 1961.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 13.Goral, Cindy M., Kenneth E. Torrance, Donald P. Greenburg, Bennet Battaile, "Modeling the Interaction of Light Between Diffuse Surfaces," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'84, In Computer Graphics, Vol. 18, No. 3, July 1984, pp. 213-222. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 14.Gouraud, H., "Continuous Shading of Curved Surfaces," IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. 20, No. 6, June 1971, pp. 623-628.Google ScholarDigital Library
- 15.Hall, Roy A. and Donald P. Greenberg, "A Testbed for Realistic Image Synthesis," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol. 3, No. I0, Nov. 1983, pp. 10-20.Google ScholarDigital Library
- 16.Heckbert, Paul S. and Pat Hanrahan, "Beam Tracing Polygonal Objects," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'84, In Computer Graphics, Vol. 18, No. 3, July 1984, pp. 119-128. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 17.Immel, David S., Michael F. Cohen, Donald P. Greenberg, "A Radiosity Method for Non-Diffuse Environments," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'86, In Computer Graphics, Vol. 20, No. 4, Aug. 1986, pp. 133-142. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 18.Kajiya, James T., "The Rendering Equation," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'86, In Computer Graphics, Vol. 20, No. 4, Aug. 1986, pp. 143-150. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 19.Nishita, Tomoyuki and Eihachiro Nakamae, "Continuous Tone Representation of Three-Dimensional Objects Taking Account of Shadows and Interreflection," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'85, In Computer Graphics, Vol. 19, No.3, July 1985, pp. 22-30. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 20.Yhong, Bui Tuong, "Illumination for Computer Generated Pictures," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 18, No. 6, June 1975, pp. 311-317. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 21.Rushmeier, Holly E., "Extending the Radiosity Method to Transmitting and Specularly Reflecting Surfaces," Master's thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, 1986.Google Scholar
- 22.Siegel, Robert and John R. Howell, Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington DC., 1981.Google Scholar
- 23.Swanson, Roger W. and Larry J. Thayer, "A Fast Shaded-Polygon Renderer," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'86, In Computer Graphics, Vol. 20, No. 4, Aug. 1986, pp. 95-102. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 24.Whitted, Turner, "An Improved Illumination Model for Shaded Display," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 23, No. 6, June 1980, pp. 343-349. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- A two-pass solution to the rendering equation: A synthesis of ray tracing and radiosity methods
Recommendations
Distributed ray tracing
Ray tracing is one of the most elegant techniques in computer graphics. Many phenomena that are difficult or impossible with other techniques are simple with ray tracing, including shadows, reflections, and refracted light. Ray directions, however, ...
A two-pass solution to the rendering equation: A synthesis of ray tracing and radiosity methods
View-independent and view-dependent image synthesis techniques, represented by radiosity and ray tracing, respectively, are discussed. View-dependent techniques are found to have advantages for calculating the specular component of illumination and view-...
Adaptive radiosity textures for bidirectional ray tracing
We present a rendering method designed to provide accurate, general simulation of global illumination for realistic image synthesis. Separating surface interaction into diffuse plus specular, we compute the specular component on the fly, as in ray ...
Comments