Milena Radenkovic
Chris Greenhalgh
ABSTRACT
Distributed Partial Mixing is an approach to creating a distributed audio service that supports optimisation of bandwidth utilization across multiple related audio streams (e.g. from concurrently active audio sources) while maintaining fairness to TCP traffic in best effort networks. Rate adaptation of streamed audio is difficult because of its rate sensitivity, the relatively limited range of encoding bandwidths available and the potential impact on the end user of rate-adaptation artefacts (such as changes of encoding). This paper describes and demonstrates how our design combines TCP-fairness with the stability that is desirable for streaming audio and other rate sensitive media. In particular, our design combines: a distributed multi-stream management/mixing architecture, loss event and round-trip time monitoring, rate limiting based on a TCP rate equation, tuned increase and decrease strategies and a loss-driven network probing mode. Experimental validation is performed over a wide range of network conditions including against various congesting levels, TCP and independent DPM traffic.
- Bowers, J., Pycock, J., O'Brien, J, Talk and Embodiment in Collaborative Virtual Environments, In Proceedings of CHI'96, 1996.]] Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Floyd, S., Fall, K., Router Mechanisms to Support End-to-End Congestion Control, Technical Report, 1997.]]Google Scholar
- Floyd, S., Fall, K., Promoting the Use of End-to-End Congestion Control in the Internet, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Volume 7, Number 4, IEANEP (ISSN 1063-6692), 458--472, August 1999.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Floyd, S., Handley, M., Padhye J., Widmer, J, Equation-Based Congestion Control for Unicast Applications, In Proceedings of SIGCOMM 2000, August 2000.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fox, A., Gribble, S.D., Brewer E.A, Amir, E., Adapting to Network and Client Variability via On-Demand Dynamic Distillation, In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 160--170, Cambridge, MA, October 1996.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Frécon, E., Greenhalgh, C., Stenius, M., The DiveBone: An Application-Level Communication Infrastructure for Internet-Based CVEs, In Proceedings of VRST'99, 58--65, London, 1999.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Goodwin, C., Notes on story structure and the organization of participation, in Atkinson, J., Heritage, J. (eds.), Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis, 225--46, CUP, 1984.]]Google Scholar
- Greenhalgh, C., Benford, S., Craven, M., Patterns of Network and User Activity in an Inhabited Television Event, In Proceedings of VRST'99, ACM, 58--65, London, Dec. 20--22 1999.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Greenhalgh, C., Benford, S., Taylor, I., Bowers, J., Walker, G., Wyver, J., Creating a Live Broadcast from a Virtual Environment, In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'99 375--384, 1999.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Greenhalgh, C., Purbrick, J., Snowdon, D., Inside MASSIVE-3: Flexible Support for Data Consistency and World Structuring, in Proceedings of CVE'2000, ACM, 119--127, San Francisco, 2000.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hardman, V., Sasse, A., Handley, M., Watson, A., Reliable Audio for Use over the Internet, In Proceedings of INET'95, Hawaii, 1995.]]Google Scholar
- Hendrix, C., Barfield, W., Presence Within Virtual Environments as a Function of Visual Display Parameters, PRESENCE, 5(3), 274--289, MIT Press, 1996.]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hindus, D., Ackerman, M., Mainwaring, S., Starr, S., Thunderwire: A Field Study of an Audio-Only Media Space, In Proceedings of CSCW'96, USA, ACM Press, 238--247, 1996.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jacobson, V., McCanne, S., Vat - LBNL Audio Conferencing Tool, URL: http://www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov/vat/, 1999.]]Google Scholar
- Kendon, A., A Description of Some Human Greetings, in Conducting Interaction: Patterns of Behavior in Focused Encounters, 153--207, 190, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1990.]]Google Scholar
- Kouvelas, I., Hardman, V., Crowcroft, J., Network Adaptive Continuous-Media Applications through Self-Organised Transcoding, In Proceedings of Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, 1998.]]Google Scholar
- Macedonia, M., Brutzman, D., Mbone Provides Audio and Vision Across the Internet, IEEE Computer, pp30--36, April 1994.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- McCanne, S., Jacobson, V., Vetterli, M., Receiver-Driven Layered Multicast, In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOM'96, pp. 117--30, Palo Alto, CA., Aug. 1996.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Padhye, J., Kurose, J., Towsley, D., Koodli, R., A Model Based TCP-Friendly Rate Control Protocol. Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV), June 1999.]]Google Scholar
- Pasquale, G., Polyzos, E., Kompella, V., Filter Propagation in Dissemination Trees, In Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, November 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Paxson, V., Allman, M., Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer, RFC 2988, November 2000.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rangan, P. V., Harrick, M. Ramanathan, V. S., Communication Architectures and Algorithms for Media Mixing in Multimedia Conferences, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.1, No.1, Feb., 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ratnasamy, McCanne, S., Scaling End-to-end Multicast Transports with a Topologically-sensitive Group Formation Protocol, In Proceedings IEEE International Conference of Network Protocols, ICNP'99, 1999]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rizzo, L., An Embedded Network Simulator to Support Network Protocol Development, In Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Computer Performance Evaluation: Modelling Techniques and Tools, St. Malo, France, LNCS-1245, pp 97--10 7, Springer-Verlag, June 1997.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., Jacobson, V., RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications, IETF RFC 1889, January 1996.]]Google Scholar
- Waters, R., Anderson, D., Barrus, J., Brogan, D., Casey, M., McKeown, S., Nitta, T., Sterns, I., Yerazunis, W., Diamond Park and Spline: A Social Virtual Reality System with 3D Animation, Spoken Interaction, and Runtime Modiability, Presence, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 461--481, August 1997.]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yeadon, N., Quality of Service Filters for Multimedia Communications, Ph.D. Thesis, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K., May 1996.]]Google Scholar
- Multi-party distributed audio service with TCP fairness
Recommendations
TCP westwood: end-to-end congestion control for wired/wireless networks
TCP Westwood (TCPW) is a sender-side modification of the TCP congestion window algorithm that improves upon the performance of TCP Reno in wired as well as wireless networks. The improvement is most significant in wireless networks with lossy links. In ...
CODE TCP: A competitive delay-based TCP
TCP Vegas is a well-known delay-based congestion control mechanism. Studies have indicated that TCP Vegas outperforms TCP Reno in many aspects. However, Reno currently remains the most widely deployed TCP variant in the Internet. This is mainly because ...
Wireless Multi-path TCP Westwood+ Modification to Achieve Fairness in HSDPA
EMS '10: Proceedings of the 2010 Fourth UKSim European Symposium on Computer Modeling and SimulationMulti-path is a technique to increase the reliability of the internet connection in IP network. The implementation of this technique can be described as a host with two TCP paths work together, when one of them fails the other will back up the ...
Comments