- Codd, E. F., "Missing Information (Applicable and Inapplicable) in Relational Databases", SIGMOD RECORD, Vol. 15, No. 4, Dec 1986 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Codd, E. F., "Extending the Database Relational Model to Capture More Meaning", ACM TODS, Vol. 4, No. 4, Dec 1979 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Smith, J. M., and Smith, D. C. P., "Database Abstractions: Aggregation and Generalization", ACM TODS, Vol. 2, No. 2, June 1977 Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Missing and inapplicable values
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