Phonetica was published by Karger Publishers up to and including 2020. If you or your institution subscribed to Phonetica during that period, you might still have access to the full text of this article on the Karger platform if you cannot access it here.
Abstract
While the existence of the trough effect is unquestioned, its theoretical significance is unknown. A multifaceted instrumental approach – spectrographic, cineradiographic, and vocal tract modeling – was used to document the trough effect in open (V.CV) and closed (VC.V) syllable forms using a symmetrical vowel context surrounding labial stops. Collectively, the results document the trough phenomeon as a momentary deactivation of tongue and/or lip movement after V1 and continuing into the stop closure. This empirical event suggests a segment-by-segment activation pattern as opposed to a diphthongal vowel-to-vowel trajectory with an independent and superimposed consonantal gesture. Quantitative models of VCV coarticulation must incorporate the trough effect in order to more effectively capture the kinematic properties of speech.
verified
References
1 Bell-Berti, F.; Harris, K.S.: More on the motor organization of speech gestures. Haskins Lab. Status Rep. Speech Res., SR-37/38, pp. 73–77 (Haskins Laboratories, New Haven 1974).Search in Google Scholar
2 Boyce, S.: Coarticulatory organization for lip rounding in Turkish and English. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 88: 2584–2595 (1990).10.1121/1.400349Search in Google Scholar
3 Branderud, P.; Lundburg, H.; Lander, J.; Djamshidpey, H.; Wäneland, I.; Krull, D.; Lindblom, B.: X-ray analyses of speech: methodological aspects. Proc. Fonetik 98, 11th Swed. Phonetics Conf., Stockholm 1998, pp. 168– 171.Search in Google Scholar
4 Engstrand, O.: Acoustic constraints or invariant input representation? An experimental study of selected articulatory movements and targets. Rep. Uppsala Univ. Dept. Linguistics, vol. 7, pp. 67–95 (Uppsala University, Uppsala 1980).Search in Google Scholar
5 Fowler, C.A.; Saltzman, E.: Coordination and coarticulation in speech production. Lang. Speech 36: 171–195 (1993).10.1177/002383099303600304Search in Google Scholar
6 Fujimura, O.: Bilabial stop and nasal consonants: a motion picture study and its acoustical implications. J. Speech Hear. Res. 4: 233–247 (1961).10.1044/jshr.0403.233Search in Google Scholar
7 Gay, T.: Some electromyographic measures of coarticulation in VCV utterances. Haskins Lab. Status Rep. Speech Res., SR-44, pp. 137–145 (Haskins laboratories, New Haven 1974).Search in Google Scholar
8 Gay, T.: Some electromyographic measures of coarticulation in VCV utterances. Proc. 5th Phonetics Symp., Essex, pp. 15–29.Search in Google Scholar
9 Gay, T.: Articulatory movements in VCV sequences. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 62: 183–193 (1977).10.1121/1.381480Search in Google Scholar
10 Gay, T.: Articulatory units: segments or syllables? In Bell, Hooper, Syllables and segments, pp. 121–131 (North Holland, Amsterdam 1978).Search in Google Scholar
11 Gay, T.; Ushijima, T.: Effect of speaking rate on stop consonant-vowel articulation. Speech Commun. Semin., Stockh., SCS-74, pp. 205–208 (1974).Search in Google Scholar
12 Henke, W.: Dynamic articulatory model of speech production using computer simulation; PhD diss. MIT (1966).10.1121/1.2143460Search in Google Scholar
13 Houde, R.A.: A study of tongue motion during selected speech sounds; PhD diss. Speech Commun. Res. Lab., Santa Barbara, Monogr. No. 2 (1967).Search in Google Scholar
14 Joos, M.: Acoustic phonetics. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 24: 1–136 (1948).10.2307/522229Search in Google Scholar
15 Kozhevnikov, V.A.; Chistovich, L.A.: Rech: Artikulyatsiya i vospriyatiye (Moscow-Leningrad 1965). Transl.: Speech: Articulation and perception, No. 30, p. 543 (Joint Pub. Res. Service, Washington 1965).Search in Google Scholar
16 Liljencrants, J.; Fant, G.: Computer program for VT-resonance frequency calculations. Q. Prog. Status Rep., Speech Transm. Lab., R. Inst. Technol., Stockh., QPSR 4, pp. 1–27 (1975).Search in Google Scholar
17 Lindblom, B.; Stark, J.; Sundberg, J.: From sound to vocal gesture: learning to (co)-articulate with APEX. Fonetik 97, Phonum 4, Umeå 1997.Search in Google Scholar
18 Lindblom, B.; Sussman, H.M.: Principal components analysis of tongue shapes in symmetrical VCV utterances. Fonetik 2002. TMH-QPSR, vol. 44, pp. 1–4 (2002).Search in Google Scholar
19 McAllister, R.: Temporal asymmetry in labial coarticulation. Papers Inst. Ling., Univ. Stokh. 35: 1–29 (1978).Search in Google Scholar
20 McAllister, R.; Engstrand, O.: Interpretations of tongue movement patterns in VCV sequences. Proc. Fonetik 92: Papers from 6th Swed. Phonet. Conf., Gothenburg, pp. 115–119.Search in Google Scholar
21 Öhman, S.E.G.: Numerical model of coarticulation. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 41: 310–319 (1967).10.1121/1.1910340Search in Google Scholar
22 Perkell, J.: Coarticulation strategies: preliminary implications of a detailed analysis of lower lip protrusion movements. Speech Commun. 5: 47–68 (1986).10.1016/0167-6393(86)90029-4Search in Google Scholar
23 Stark, J.; Lindblom, B.; Sundberg, J.: APEX: an articulatory synthesis model for experimental and computational studies of speech production. TMH-QPSR 2: 45–48 (1996).Search in Google Scholar
24 Stark, J.; Ericsdotter, C.; Lindblom, B.: The APEX model: from articulatory position to sound. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 104: 1820 (1998).10.1121/1.423454Search in Google Scholar
25 Stevens, K.N.: Acoustic phonetics (MIT Press, Cambridge 1998).Search in Google Scholar
26 Westbury, J.R.; Hashi, M.: Lip-pellet positions during vowels and labial consonants. J. Phonet. 25: 405–419 (1997).10.1006/jpho.1997.0050Search in Google Scholar
© 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel