Runtime Leakage Power Reduction Using Loop Unrolling and Fine Grained Power Gating

The present work introduces a compilation technique to reduce runtime leakage power of functional units of a processor by combining loop unrolling with power gating. The instructions in the unrolled loop are scheduled to provide opportunities for power gating the functional units which are not used for a considerable amount of time. An algorithm that saves maximum leakage energy without performance loss due to execution of power gating instructions has been introduced. The algorithm does loop unrolling, scheduling of instructions and finally insert power gating instructions. The present work is explained using two illustrative examples, one without loop-carried dependence and the other with loop-carried dependence. It is observed that the number of clock cycles taken by the power gating instructions is less than or equal to the number of clock cycles saved by loop unrolling. This results in 23–64% reduction of the total energy consumed by the benchmark programs without any degradation of performance.