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RETRACTED: Hybrid Multi-User Precoding with Manifold Discriminative Learning for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems

Xiaoping Zhou, Bin Wang, Jing Zhang, Qian Zhang, and Yang Wang
Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China

The journal and the authors retract the article “Hybrid Multi-User Precoding with Manifold Discriminative Learning for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems".
After publication, the authors found that there is a fatal problem in Fig. 7 (Average SE. versus cell edge SNR). The authors can no longer get the effect shown in Fig. 7 when doing a single cell experiment. The paper mainly discusses the problem of single cell. In order to have a rigorous attitude towards science and a responsible attitude, the authors would like to retract this paper. 
In accordance with our ethics procedures, this paper is retracted and shall be marked accordingly. 

Abstract—In large-array millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems, hybrid multi-user precoding is one of the most attractive research topics. This paper first presents a low-dimensional manifolds architecture for the analog precoder. An objective function is formulated to maximize the Energy Efficiency (EE) in consideration of the insertion loss for hybrid multi-user precoder. The optimal scheme is intractable to achieve, so that we present a user clustering hybrid precoding scheme. By modeling each user set as a manifold, we formulate the problem as clustering-oriented multi-manifolds learning. We discuss the effect of non-ideal factors on the EE performance. Through proper user clustering, the hybrid multi-user precoding is investigated for the sum-rate maximization problem by manifold quasi conjugate gradient methods. The high signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is achieved and the computational complexity is reduced by avoiding the conventional schemes to deal with high-dimensional channel parameters. Performance evaluations show that the proposed scheme can obtain near-optimal sum-rate and considerably higher spectral efficiency than some existing solutions.
 
Index Terms—mmWave massive MIMO; manifold discriminant analysis; hybrid precoding; user clustering

Cite: Xiaoping Zhou, Bin Wang, Jing Zhang, Qian Zhang, and Yang Wang, "Hybrid Multi-User Precoding with Manifold Discriminative Learning for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems," Journal of Communications vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 411-422, October 2021. Doi: 10.12720/jcm.16.10.411-422

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