Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Classification of HIV-I-Mediated neuronal dendritic and synaptic damage using multiple criteria linear programming

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Neuroinformatics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The ability to identify neuronal damage in the dendritic arbor during HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) is crucial for designing specific therapies for the treatment of HAD. To study this process, we utilized a computer-based image analysis method to quantitatively assess HIV-1 viral protein gp120 and glutamate-mediated individual neuronal damage in cultured cortical neurons. Changes in the number of neurites, arbors, branch nodes, cell body area, and average arbor lengths were determined and a database was formed (http://dm.ist.unomaha.edu/database.htm). We further proposed a two-class model of multiple criteria linear programming (MCLP) to classify such HIV-1-mediated neuronal dendritic and synaptic damages. Given certain classes, including treatments with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glutamate, gp120 or non-treatment controls from our in vitro experimental systems, we used the two-class MCLP model to determine the data patterns between classes in order to gain insight about neuronal dendritic damages. This knowledge can be applied in principle to the design and study of specific therapies for the prevention or reversal of neuronal damage associated with HAD. Finally, the MCLP method was compared with a well-known artifical neural network algorithm to test for the relative potential of different data mining applications in HAD research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adamson, D. C., Wildemann, B., Sasaki, M., et al. (1996) Immunologic no synthase: elevation in severe AIDS dementia and induction by HIV-1 gp41. Science 274, 1917–1926.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali, H., Kou, G., Quest, D., and Shi, Y. (2002) Biological characteristic of records in Genbank database using multiple criteria linear programming. Working paper, University of Nebraska-Omaha (http://dm.ist.unomaha.edu/publications.htm).

  • Ascoli, G. A., Krichmar, J. L., Nasuto, S. J., and Senft, S. L. (2001) Generation, description and storage of dendritic morphology data. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 356, 1131–1145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batchelor, P. E., Liberatore, G. T., Wong, J. Y., et al. (1999) Activated macrophages and microglia induce do paminergic sprouting in the injured striatum and express brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. J. Neurosci. 19, 1708–1716.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenneman, D. E., Westbrook, G. L., Fitzgerald, S. P., et al. (1988) Neuronal cell killing by the envelope protein of HIV and its prevention by vasoactive intestinal peptide. Nature 335, 639–642.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caroleo, M. C., Costa, N., Bracci-Laudiero, L., and Aloe, L. (2001) Human monocyte/macrophages activate by exposure to LPS overexpress NGF and NGF receptors. J. Neuroimmunol. 113, 193–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, C. C., Cooper, D. A., Fischl, M. A., et al. (2000) Antiretroviral therapy in adults: updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA 283, 381–390.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cesar, R. M., and Costa, L. F. (1998) Neural cell classification by wavelets and multiscale curvature. Biol. Cyber. 79, 347–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chao, C. C., Hu, S., Sheng, W. S., Tsang, M., and Peterson, P. K. (1995) Tumor necrosis factor-α mediates the release of bioactive transforming growth factor β in murine microglial cell cultures. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 77, 358–365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coelho, R. C., and Costa, L. F. (2002) Realistic neuromorphic models and their application to neural reorganization simulations. Neurocomputing 48, 555–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa Lda, F., Manoel, E. T. M., Faucereau, F., Chelly, J., van Pelt, J., and Ramakers, G. (2002) A shape analysis framework for neuromorphometry. Network: Comp. Neural Sys. 13, 283–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa Lda, F. Manoel, E. T. (2003) A percolation approach to neural morphometry and connectivity. Neuroinformatics 1:65–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa Lda, F. and Velte, T. J. (1999) Automatic characterization and classification of ganglion cells from the salamander retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 404, 33–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elkabes, S., DiCicco-Bloom, E. M., and Black, I. B. (1996) Brain microglia/macrophages express neurotrophins that selectively regulate microglial proliferation and function. J. Neurosci. 16, 2508–2521.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, L. G., and Gelbard, H. A. (1999) HIV-1-induced neuronal injury in the developing brain. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65, 453–457.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freed, N., and Glover, F. (1981) Simple but powerful goal programming models for discriminant problems. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 7, 44–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freed, N., and Glover, F. (1986) Evaluating alternative linear programming models to solve the two-group discriminant problem. Decision Sciences 17, 151–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabuzda, D., Wang, J., and Gorry, P. (2002) HIV-1-Associated Dementia. In Chemokines and the Nervous System, Ransohoff R. M., Suzuki K., Proudfoot A. E. I., Hickey W. F., and Harrison J. K., eds., Elsevier Science Amsterdam, pp. 345–360.

  • Garaci, E., Caroleo, M. C., Aloe, L., et al. (1999) Nerve growth factor is an autocrine factor essential for the survival of macrophages infected with HIV. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 96, 14013–14018.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garden, G. A., Budd, S. L., Tsai, E., et al. (2002) Caspase cascades in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurodegeneration. J. Neurosci. 22, 4015–4024.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelbard, H., Nottet, H., Dzenko, K., et al. (1994) Platelet-activating factor: a candidate human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection neurotoxin. J. Virol. 68, 4628–4635.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelbard, H. A., Dzenko, K., Diloreto, D., Cerro, C. D., Cerro, M. D., and Epstein, L. G. (1993) Neurotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor in primary human neuronal cultures are mediated by activation of the glutamate AMPA recetor sub-types implications for AIDS neuropathogenesis. Dev. Neurosci. 15, 417–422.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelbard, H. A., and Epstein, L. G. (1995) HIV-1 encephalopathy in children. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 7, 655–662.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gendelman, H. E. (1997) The Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1-Dementia. In The neurology of AIDS, H. E. Gendelman, S. A. Lipton, L. G. Epstein, and S. Swindells, eds., Chapman and Hall New York, pp. 1–10.

  • Genis, P., Jett, M., Bernton, E., et al. (1992) Cytokines and arachidonic metabolites produced during human immunodefieiciency virus (HIV)-infected macrophage-astroglia interactions: implications for the neuropathogenesis of HIV disease. J. Exp. Med. 176, 1703–1718.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giulian, D., Yu, J., Xia, L., et al. (1996) Study of receptor-mediated neurotoxins released by HIV-1 infected mononuclear phagocytes found in human brain. J. Neurosci. 16, 3139–3153.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glass, J. D., Fedor, H., Wesselingh, S. L., and McArthur, J. C. (1995) Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: correlations with dementia. Ann. Neurol. 38, 755–762.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glass, J. D., Wesselingh, S. L., Selnes, O. A., and McArthur, J. C. (1993) Clinical neuropathologic correlation in HIV-associated dementia. Neurology 43, 2230–2237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granato, A., and Van Pelt, J. (2003) Effects of early ethanol exposure on dendrite growth of cortical pyramidal neurons: inferences from a computational model. Dev. Brain Res. 142, 223–227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, H., and Gelfand, S. B. (1992) Classification trees with neural network feature extraction. Paper presented at: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. 3, 923–933.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heese, K., Hock, C., and Otten, U. (1998) Inflammatory signals induce neurotrophin expression in human microglial cells. J. Neurochem. 70, 699–707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hesselgesser, J., Taub, D., Baskar, P., Greenberg, M., Hoxie, J., Kolson, D. L., and Horuk, R. (1998) Neuronal apoptosis induced by HIV-1 gp120 and the chemokine SDF-1alpha mediated by the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Curr. Biol. 8, 595–598.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyes, M. P., Brew, B. B., Martin, A. J., et al. (1991) Quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in HIV-1 infection: relationship to clinical and neurological status. Ann. Neurol. 29, 202–209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Z., Piggee, C., Heyes, M. P., et al. (2001) Glutamate is a mediator of neurotoxicity in secretions of activated HIV- 1-infected macrophages. J. Neuroimmunol. 117, 97–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joachimsthaler, E. A., and Stam, A. (1988) Four approaches to the classification problems in discriminant analysis: an experimental study. Decision Sci. 19, 322–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaul, M., Garden, G. A., and Lipton, S. A. (2001) Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia. Nature 410, 988–994.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koehler, G. J., and Erenguc, S. S. (1990) Minimizing misclassifications in linear discriminant analysis. Decision Sci. 21, 63–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kou, G., Liu, X., Peng, Y., Shi, Y., Wise, M., and Xu, W. (2003) Multiple criteria linear programming approach to data mining: Models, algorithm designs and software development. Optimization Meth. and Software 18, 453–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kou, G., and Shi, Y. (2002) Linux based Multiple Linear Programming Classification Program (Omaha, NE, U.S.A., College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Omaha) (http://dm.ist.unomaha.edu/tools.htm).

  • Krebs, F. C., Ross, H., McAllister, J., and Wigdahl, B. (2000) HIV-1-associated central nervous system dysfunction. Adv. Pharmacol. 49, 315–385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krichmar, J. L., Nasuto, S. J., Scorcioni, R., Washington, S. D., and Ascoli, G. A. (2002) Effects of dendritic morphology on CA3 pyramidal cell electrophysiology: a simulation study. Brain Res. 941, 11–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kullander, K., Kylberg, A., and Ebendal, T. (1997) Specificity of neurotrophin-3 determined by loss-of-function mutagenesis. J. Neurosci. Res. 50, 496–503.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarov-Spiegler, O., Solomon, A.S., and Schwartz, M. (1998) Peripheral nerve-stimulated macrophages simulate a peripheral nerve-like regenerative response in rat transected optic nerve. Glia 24, 329–337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipton, S. A., and Gendelman, H. E. (1995) Dementia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. New Engl. J. Med. 16, 934–940.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loy, R., Taglialatela, G., Angelucci, L., Heyer, D., and Perez-Polo, R. (1994) Regional CNS uptake of blood-borne nerve growth factor. J. Neurosci. Res. 39, 339–346.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mallat, M., Houlgatte, R., Brachet, P., and Prochiantz, A. (1989) Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat brain macrophages release NGF in vitro. Dev. Biol. 133, 309–311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masliah, E., DeTeresa, R. M., Mallory, M. E., and Hansen, L. A. (2000) Changes in pathological findings at autopsy in AIDS cases for the last 15 years. AIDS 14, 69–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masliah, E., Heaton, R. K., Marcotte, T. D. (1997) Dendritic injury is a pathological substrate for human immunodeficiency virus-related cognitive disorders. Ann. Neurol. 42, 963–972.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, J. C., Sacktor, N., and Selnes, O. (1999) Human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Semin. Neurol. 19, 129–150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mollace, V., Nottet, H. S., Clayette, P., Turco, M. C., Muscoli, C., Salvemini, D., and Perno, C. F. (2001) Oxidative stress and neuroAIDS: triggers, modulators and novel antioxidants. Trends Neurosci. 24, 411–416.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moses, A. V., Bloom, F. E., Pauza, C. D., and Nelson, J. A. (1993) HIV infection of human brain capillary endothelial cells occurs via a CD4/galactosylceramide-independent mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 10474–10478.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nath, A., Hartloper, V., Furer, M., and Fowke, K. R. (1995) Infection of human fetal astrocytes with HIV-1: viral tropism and the role of cell to cell contact in viral transmission. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 54, 320–330.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nath, A., Psooy, K., Martin, C., Knudsen, B., Magnuson, D. S., Haughey, N., and Geiger, J. D. (1996) Identification of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat epitope that is neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic. J. Virol. 70, 1475–1480.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navia, B. A. (1997) Clinical and biologic features of the AIDS dementia complex. Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 7, 581–592.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navia, B. A., Jordan, B. D., and Price, R. W. (1986) The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features. Annals of Neurology 19, 517–524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas, R. S., Stevens, S., Wing, M. G., and Compston, D. A. (2002) Microglia-derived IGF-2 prevents TNFalpha induced death of mature oligodendrocytes in vitro. J. neuroimmunol. 124, 36–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, Y., Shi, Y., and Xu, W. (2002) Classification for three-group of credit cardholders’ behavior via a multiple criteria approach. Advanced Modeling and Optimization 4, 39–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyle, D. (1999) Normalizing and Redistributing of variables in data preparation for data mining. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc. San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapalino, O., Lazarov-Spiegler, O., Agranov, E., et al. (1998) Implantation of stimulated homologous macrophages results in partial recovery of paraplegic rats. Nature Med. 4, 814–821.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rocamora, N., Pascual, M., Acsady, L., Lecea, L. D., and Freund, T. F. (1996) Expression of NGF and NT3 mRNAs hippocampal interneurons innervated by the GABAergic septohippocampal pathway. J. Neurosci. 16, 3991–4004.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, L. A., Cotter, R. L., Zink, W. E., Gendelman, H. E., and Zheng, J. (2002) Macrophages, chemokines and neuronal injury in HIV-1 associated dementia. Cell. Mol. Biol. 48(2), 137–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, L. A., Peng, H., Erichsen, D. A., et al. (2004) TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand mediates human neuronal apoptosis: links to HIV-1 associated dementia. J. Neuroimmunol. 148, 127–139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saad, B., Constam, D., Ortmann, R., Moos, M., Fontana, A., and Schachner, M. (1991) Astrocyte-derived TGF-b2 and NGF differentially regulate neural recognition molecule expression by cultured astrocytes. J. Cell. Biol. 115, 473–484.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scorcioni, R., and Ascoli, G. (2001) Algorithmic extraction of morphological statistics from electronic archives of neuroanatomy. Lecture Notes Comp. Sci. 2084, 30–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, Y. (2000) Data mining. In: IEBM Handbook of Information Technology in Business, M. Zeleny, ed. (International Thomson Publishing Europe), pp. 490–495.

  • Shi, Y. (2001) Multiple Criteria and Multiple Constraint Level Linear Programming: Concepts, Techniques and Applications, World Scientific Publishing Co.

  • Shi, Y., Peng, Y., Xu, W., and Tang, X. (2002) Data mining via multiple criteria linear programming: applications in credit card portfolio management. Int. J. Inform. Technol. Decision Making 1, 131–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, Y., M. Wise, M. Luo and Y. Lin (2001) Data Mining in Credit Card Portfolio Management: A Multiple Criteria Decision Making Approach. In M. Koksalan and S. Zionts, eds., Advance in Multiple Criteria Decision Making in the New Millennium, Springer, Berlin, pp. 427–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi, Y., and Yu, P. L. (1989) Goal setting and compromise solutions. In Multiple Criteria Decision Making and Risk Analysis Using Microcomputers, B. Karpak, and S. Zionts, eds. Springer-Verlag Berlin, pp. 165–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibata, A., Zelivyanskaya, M., Limoges, J., et al. (2003) Peripheral nerve induces macrophage neurotrophic activities: regulation of neuronal process outgrowth, intracellular signaling and synaptic function. J. Neuroimmunol. 142, 112–129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sterratt, D. C., and van Ooyen, A. (2002) Does morphology influence temporal plasticity? Paper presented at: Artificial Neural Networks - ICANN 2002, International Conference (Madrid, Spain). Dorronsoro JR, ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2415, 186–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Ooyen, A., Willshaw, D., and Ramakers, G. (2000) Influence of dendritic morphology on axonal competition. Neurocomputing 32, 255–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, N., and Shi, Y. (2003) Neural Network Classification Program (Omaha, NE, College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Omaha) (http://dm.ist.unomaha.edu/tools.htm).

  • Zeev-Brann, A. B., Lazarov-Spiegler, O., Brenner, T., and Schwartz, M. (1998) Differential effects of central and peripheral nerves on macrophages and microglia. Glia 23, 181–190.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, J., Lopez, A. L., Erichsen, D., Herek, S., Cotter, R. L., Curthoys, N. P., and Zheng, J. (2004) Mitochondrial glutaminase enhances extracellular glutamate production in HIV-1-infected macrophages: linkage to HIV-1 associated dementia. J. Neurochem. 88, 169–180.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, J., Thylin, M., Ghorpade, A., et al. (1999) Intracellular CXCR4 signaling, neuronal apoptosis and neuropathogenic mechanisms of HIV-1-associated dementia. J. Neuroimmunol. 98, 185–200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, J., Thylin, M. R., Cotter, R. L., et al. (2001a) HIV-1 infected and immune competent mononuclear phagocytes induce quantitative alterations in neuronal dendritic arbor: relevance for HIV-1-associated dementia. Neuroto. Res. 3, 443–459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, J., Thylin, M. R., Persidsky, Y., et al. (2001b) HIV-1 infected immune competent mononuclear phagocytes influence the pathways to neuronal demise. Neurotoxi. Res. 3, 461–484.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198-6880, Omaha, NE

    Jialin Zheng, Hui Peng, Clancy McNally, David Erichsen, Abby Cheloha & Shelley Herek

  2. College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, 123 Snyder Hall, 55108, St. Paul, MN

    Chris Shi

  3. College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 68182, Omaha, NE

    Wei Zhuang, Nian Yan, Gang Kou & Yong Shi

  4. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China

    Yong Shi

Authors
  1. Jialin Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wei Zhuang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nian Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gang Kou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hui Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Clancy McNally
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. David Erichsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Abby Cheloha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Shelley Herek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Chris Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Yong Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yong Shi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zheng, J., Zhuang, W., Yan, N. et al. Classification of HIV-I-Mediated neuronal dendritic and synaptic damage using multiple criteria linear programming. Neuroinform 2, 303–326 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1385/NI:2:3:303

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/NI:2:3:303

Index Entries

Search

Navigation