Abstract
Technical and legal challenges cause the implementation of Autonomous Driving in road traffic to still be a long way off. However, the introduction of driver assistance functions enables cars’ automation for low speeds already nowadays. The concept of Autonomous Transport (AT) combines automated driving with Automated Guided Vehicle’s technology. In this paper, we assess risks that emanate from AT and show fields of action for its implementation with respect to the standards for functional safety. We set up requirements for the reliability of cars’ electric power supply, actuators and sensors. Concepts for their cost-efficient fulfillment are derived. The realization of collision avoidance and navigation without additional attachments is discussed.
Zusammenfassung
Technische und rechtliche Herausforderungen erschweren die Umsetzung des Autonomen Fahrens im Straßenverkehr. Für geringe Geschwindigkeiten wird die Automatisierung der Fahrzeuge jedoch heute schon durch den Einzug diverser Fahrerassistenzfunktionen möglich. Das Konzept des Autonomen Transports (AT) kombiniert das automatisierte Fahren mit der Technologie fahrerloser Transportsysteme. In diesem Beitrag werden die von den Fahrzeugen ausgehenden Gefahren analysiert und Handlungsfelder zur Maschinenrichtlinien-konformen Umsetzung aufgezeigt. Es werden Anforderungen an die Zuverlässigkeit des Bordnetzes, der Aktuatoren und Sensoren formuliert. Konzepte zu deren wirtschaftlicher Erfüllung werden aufgezeigt. Es wird eine Hinderniserkennung und Navigation der Fahrzeuge ohne zusätzliche Anbauteile diskutiert.
Funding source: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie
Award Identifier / Grant number: 01MX15008D
Funding statement: The development and validation of the concept of Autonomous Transport is carried out within the research project low-cost assembly – investment minimal and highly efficient Electric vehicle assembly (promotion number 01MX15008D) and funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy.
About the authors
Marius Wenning, M. Sc., graduated in Automation Engineering in 2017. He is a research associate at the Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components at RWTH Aachen University. His main research interest is vehicle automation in factory environments.
Sebastian Kawollek, M. Sc., graduated in Production Engineering in 2015. He is chief engineer at the Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components at RWTH Aachen University. His main research interest is electric vehicles’ production systems.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Achim Kampker, is professor of the Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components at RWTH Aachen University. His research is dedicated to the cost reduction of electric mobility. He is founder of StreetScooter, a manufacturer of electric delivery vehicles.
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