Abstract
This paper presents an optimization-based control scheme for a novel left ventricular assist device. This cardiac support system consists of two pumps connected in series and a buffer reservoir in between them. This novel concept for relieving the left ventricle is designed to allow the pre- and afterload on the heart to be explicitly adjusted and independently of each other. The first pump controls the preload of the heart with a known physiological controller. With an iterative model-based optimization, the afterload is minimized by the second pump while complying with all constraints. The proof of the control concept and a comparison to the classical single pump left-sided cardiac support is performed on a hardware-in-the-loop test bench. The results show that with the new left ventricular assist device concept, the afterload can be reduced compared to the classical cardiac support.
Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag präsentiert eine optimierungsbasierte Regelung für ein neuartiges linksseitiges Herzunterstützungssystem. Das System besteht aus zwei in Reihe geschalteten Pumpen mit einem zwischen die Pumpen geschalteten Pufferreservoir. Dieses neuartige Entlastungskonzept wurde entwickelt, um die Vor- und Nachlast des linken Ventrikels gezielt und unabhängig voneinander einstellen zu können. Die Vorlast des Herzens wird durch die erste Pumpe und einen bekannten physiologischen Vorlastregler eingestellt. Mit einer iterativ modellbasierten Optimierung wird die Nachlast durch die zweite Pumpe minimiert und gleichzeitig werden alle im System vorhandenen Beschränkungen berücksichtigt. Es werden ein Proof-of-Concept und ein Vergleich mit dem aktuellen Stand der Technik aus der linksseitigen Herzunterstützung auf einem Hardware-in-the-Loop Prüfstand erbracht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit dem neuartigen Konzept zur Herzunterstützung die Nachlast im Vergleich zur klassischen Herzunterstützung verringert werden kann.
Funding source: European Commission
Funding source: European Regional Development Fund
Award Identifier / Grant number: EFRE-0400147
Funding statement: This work was supported by the European Union and the state North-Rhine Westphalia during the EFRE (Europäische Fonds für regionale Entwicklung) project „Validierung eines Herzunterstützungssystems zur gezielten Lasteinstellung“ (LastVAD, EFRE-0400147). Parts of the presented dual LVAD concept are published in patent number DE102017112437.
About the authors
Tobias Salesch, M.Sc., is a research associate and group manager of the biomedical systems group at the Institute of Automatic Control, RWTH Aachen University. His main research focus is the development of advanced control methods for the physiologic control of the technically supported cardiovascular system. He also researches on supportive nursing robotics, design and control of test benches mimicking the cardiovascular system, and innovative smart health devices.
Dr.-Ing. Jonas Gesenhues is head of the biomedical systems group at the Institute of Automatic Control, RWTH Aachen University. Amongst creating novel technical solutions for medical applications based on advanced control methods, his research focus is on promoting digitization in healthcare by developing new concepts and strategies to stimulate innovation and to simplify the transfer of new ideas and technologies into products.
Dr. med. Moriz Habigt is a physician and a research associate at the Anaesthesiology Clinic of the University Hospital of Aachen. The focus of his research lies on the interaction of cardiac autoregulation mechanisms and on the development of physiological control algorithms for Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs).
mmechelinck@ukaachen.de
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Abel is head of the Institute of Automatic Control, RWTH Aachen University. Main fields of activity: model-predictive-control, robust control, nonlinear control, identification and simulation of dynamic systems, analysis and synthesis of discretely controlled systems, and rapid control prototyping.
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