Abstract
The increasing error susceptibility of semiconductor devices has put reliability in the focus of modern design methodologies. Low-level techniques alone cannot economically tackle this problem. Instead, counter measures on all system layers from device and circuit up to the application are required. As these counter measures are not for free, orchestrating them across different layers to achieve optimum trade-offs for the application wrt. reliability but also cost, timeliness, or energy consumption becomes a challenge. This typically requires a combination of analysis techniques to quantify the achieved reliability and optimization techniques that search for the best combination of counter measures. This work presents five recent approaches for application-aware cross-layer reliability optimization from within the embedded domain. Moreover, the Resilience Articulation Point (RAP) as a concept cooperatively developed to model errors across different layers is discussed. The developed approaches are showcased via applications, ranging from MIMO systems to distributed embedded control applications.
Funding statement: This work is supported in parts by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of the priority program “Dependable Embedded Systems” (SPP 1500 –http://spp1500.itec.kit.edu).
About the authors
Michael Glaß received his Diploma and Doctorate degrees in Computer Science from Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany in 2006 and 2011. Since 2012, Michael is assistant professor for Dependable Embedded Systems at Hardware/Software Co-Design, FAU.
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hardware/Software Co-Design
Hananeh Aliee received her Bachelor and Master degrees in Computer Science from Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran in 2009 and 2011. Since 2012, she is a researcher at Hardware/Software Co-Design, FAU.
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hardware/Software Co-Design
Liang Chen received his Bachelor degree from Xi'an Jiaotong University, China, in 2007, and Master degree in Communications Engineering from TU München in 2010. Then he started working as a PhD student in the CDNC group of Prof. Tahoori at KIT.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair of Dependable Nano Computing
Mojtaba Ebrahimi received his Bachelor and Master degrees in Computer Engineering from Shahed University and Sharif University of Technology, Iran in 2008 and 2010. Since 2012, he is pursuing PhD under supervision of Prof. Tahoori at KIT.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair of Dependable Nano Computing
Faramarz Khosravi received his Bachelor and Master degrees in Computer Engineering from the University of Mazandaran and Sharif University of Technology, Iran in 2009 and 2011. Since 2013, he is a researcher at Hardware/Software Co-Design, FAU.
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hardware/Software Co-Design
Veit B. Kleeberger received his Diploma in Information Technology from TU München, Germany in 2009. From 2009 till 2014, he pursued his PhD as research assistant at the Institute for Electronic Design Automation, TU München. Since 2014, he is a Senior Expert at Infineon Technologies.
Infineon Technologies AG, Germany
Alexandra Listl received her bachelor and master degrees in Electrical Engineering and Information Technology from TU München, Germany in 2011 and 2013. Since 2014, she is a researcher at the Institute for Electronic Design Automation at TUM.
Technische Universität München (TUM), Institute for Electronic Design Automation
Daniel Müller-Gritschneder received his Diploma and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering from TU München, Germany in 2003 and 2009. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute for Electronic Design Automation at TUM.
Technische Universität München (TUM), Institute for Electronic Design Automation
Fabian Oboril received his Diploma in Mathematics techn. from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, in 2010. Since 2010, he is a researcher and PhD student at the Chair of Dependable Nano Computing (CDNC) at KIT.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair of Dependable Nano Computing
Ulf Schlichtmann has a Dr.-Ing in Electrical Engineering and Information Technology from TU München, Germany. He is currently the chair professor for Electronic Design Automation at TUM.
Technische Universität München (TUM), Institute for Electronic Design Automation
Mehdi B. Tahoori received his PhD and M.S degrees in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 2003 and 2002, respectively, and a B. S. in Computer Engineering from Sharif University of Technology in Iran, in 2000. Since 2009, he is a full professor and Chair of Dependable Nano-Computing at KIT.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair of Dependable Nano Computing
Jürgen Teich received his masters degree (Dipl.-Ing.) in 1989 from the University of Kaiserslautern and the PhD (Dr.-Ing.) degree from the University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany in 1993. Since 2003, he is appointed full professor in the Computer Science Institute, FAU holding a chair for Hardware/Software Co-Design.
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hardware/Software Co-Design
Norbert Wehn received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from TU Darmstadt, Germany, in 1989. He is currently the Chair for Microelectronic Systems Design in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, and the Vice President of the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.
University of Kaiserslautern, Microelectronic System Design
Christian Weis received his Diploma and Ph.D degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany in 1996 and 2014. He is currently Senior Member of the Microelectronic Systems Design Research Group at the University of Kaiserslautern.
University of Kaiserslautern, Microelectronic System Design
Acknowledgement
We would also like to thank all the contributors to the Resilience Articulation Point (RAP) model.
©2015 Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
