This paper proposes a transmission control protocol (TCP) for long distance high-speed wireless communications, including free-space optical communications (FSOC). Extreme high frequency of wireless communications enables high-speed bit rate, but frequent signal error, including burst error, can be a quite severe problem for ordinary high-speed TCPs. To achieve 10Gbps or higher data transfer throughput on FSOC, the proposed TCP (designated “TCP-FSO”) has improved and new features including multi-layer congestion control, retransmission control with packet loss point estimation, delay-based ACK congestion control, and ACK retransmission control. We evaluated data transfer throughput of TCP-FSO and the other TCPs, by throughput model analysis and experiment on real implementation. Obtained results show that TCP-FSO achieves far higher data transfer throughput than other high-speed TCPs. For example, it achieved a thousand times higher throughput than the other high-speed TCPs in a real FSOC environment.