IEICE Transactions on Electronics
Online ISSN : 1745-1353
Print ISSN : 0916-8524
Regular Section
A Variable-Supply-Voltage 60-GHz PA with Consideration of HCI Issues for TDD Operation
Rui WUYuuki TSUKUIRyo MINAMIKenichi OKADAAkira MATSUZAWA
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2014 Volume E97.C Issue 8 Pages 803-812

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Abstract

A 60-GHz power amplifier (PA) with a reliability consideration for a hot-carrier-induced (HCI) degradation is presented. The supply voltage of the last stage of the PA (VPA) is dynamically controlled by an on-chip digitally-assisted low drop-out voltage regulator (LDO) to alleviate HCI effects. A physical model for estimation of HCI degradation of NMOSFETs is discussed and investigated for dynamic operation. The PA is fabricated in a standard 65-nm CMOS process with a core area of 0.21 mm2, which provides a saturation power of 10.1 dBm to 13.2 dBm with a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 8.1% to 15.0% for the supply voltage VPA which varies from 0.7 V to 1.0 V at 60 GHz, respectively.

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© 2014 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
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