IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
Online ISSN : 1745-1337
Print ISSN : 0916-8508
Special Section on Cryptography and Information Security
Towards Minimizing RAM Requirement for Implementation of Grain-128a on ARM Cortex-M3
Yuhei WATANABEHideki YAMAMOTOHirotaka YOSHIDA
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2020 Volume E103.A Issue 1 Pages 2-10

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Abstract

As Internet-connected service is emerged, there has been a need for use cases where a lightweight cryptographic primitive meets both of a constrained hardware implementation requirement and a constrained embedded software requirement. One of the examples of these use cases is the PKES (Passive Keyless Entry and Start) system in an automotive domain. From the perspective on these use cases, one interesting direction is to investigate how small the memory (RAM/ROM) requirement of ARM-implementations of hardware-oriented stream ciphers can be. In this paper, we propose implementation techniques for memory-optimized implementations of lightweight hardware-oriented stream ciphers including Grain-128a specified in ISO/IEC 29167-13 for RFID protocols. Our techniques include data-dependency analysis to take a close look at how and in which timing certain variables are updated and also the way taking into account the structure of registers on the target micro-controller. In order to minimize RAM size, we reduce the number of general purpose registers for computation of Grain-128a's update and pre-output values. We present results of our memory-optimized implementations of Grain-128a, one of which requires 84 RAM bytes on ARM Cortex-M3.

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© 2020 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
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