Skip to main content
Log in

A method of shadow puppet figure modeling and animation

  • Published:
Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To promote the development of the intangible cultural heritage of the world, shadow play, many studies have focused on shadow puppet modeling and interaction. Most of the shadow puppet figures are still imaginary, spread by ancients, or carved and painted by shadow puppet artists, without consideration of real dimensions or the appearance of human bodies. This study proposes an algorithm to transform 3D human models to 2D puppet figures for shadow puppets, including automatic location of feature points, automatic segmentation of 3D models, automatic extraction of 2D contours, automatic clothes matching, and animation. Experiment proves that more realistic and attractive figures and animations of the shadow puppet can be generated in real time with this algorithm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, B., Curless, B., Popovic, B., 2003. The space of human body shapes: reconstruction and parameterization from range scans. ACM Trans. Graph., 22(3):587–594. [doi:10.1145/882262.882311]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T.K., 2014. A case study of a digital archives programme: the development of digital shadow plays in Taiwan. Int. J. Human. Arts Comput., 8(suppl):38–48. [doi:10.3366/ijhac.2014.0098]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Currell, D., 2008. Shadow Puppets & Shadow Play. Crowood Press, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dekker, L., Khan, S., West, E., et al., 1998. Models for understanding the 3D human body form. Proc. Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, p.65–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dekker, L., Douros, I., Buston, B.F., et al., 1999. Building symbolic information for 3D human body modeling from range data. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, p.388–397. [doi:10.1109/IM.1999.805369]

    Google Scholar 

  • Geisen, G.R., Mason, C.P., Houston, V.L., et al., 1995. Automatic detection, identification, and registration of anatomical landmarks. Proc. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, p.750–753. [doi:10.1177/154193129503901107]

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghani, D.A., 2011a. A study of visualization elements of shadow play technique movement and computer graphic imagery (CGI) in Wayang Kulit Kelantan. Int. J. Comput. Graph. Animat., 1(1):1–11.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Ghani, D.A., 2011b. Wayang Kulit: digital puppetry character rigging using Maya MEL language. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization, p.1–5. [doi:10.1109/ICMSAO.2011.5775499]

    Google Scholar 

  • Golovinskiy, A., Funkhouser, T., 2008. Randomized cuts for 3D mesh analysis. ACM Trans. Graph., 27(5), Article 145. [doi:10.1145/1409060.1409098]

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, M., García-Rojas, A., Thalmann, D., et al., 2007. An ontology of virtual humans. Vis. Comput., 23(3):207–218. [doi:10.1007/s00371-006-0093-4]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Held, R.T., Gupta, A., Curless, B., et al., 2012. 3D puppetry: a Kinect-based interface for 3D animation. UIST, p.423–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jernigan, D.K., Chansavang, A., Martin-Rall, H., et al., 2013. Aesthetic affordances: computer animation andWayang Kulit puppet theatre. Animat. Pract. Process Product., 3(1–2):195–217. [doi:10.1386/ap3.3.1-2.195_1]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalogerakis, E., Hertzmann, A., Singh, K., 2010. Learning 3D mesh segmentation and labeling. ACM Trans. Graph., 29(4), Article 102. [doi:10.1145/1778765.1778839]

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, S., Tal, A., 2003. Hierarchical mesh decomposition using fuzzy clustering and cuts. ACM Trans. Graph., 22(3):954–961. [doi:10.1145/882262.882369]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, S., Leifman, G., Tal, A., 2005. Mesh segmentation using feature point and core extraction. Vis. Comput., 21(8–10):649–658. [doi:10.1007/s00371-005-0344-9]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kavan, L., Dobbyn, S., Collins, S., et al., 2008. Polypostors: 2D polygonal impostors for 3D crowds. Proc. Symp. on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, p.149–155. [doi:10.1145/1342250.1342273]

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam, T.K., Talib, A.Z., Osman, M.A., 2008. Real-time visual simulation and interactive animation of shadow play puppets using OpenGL. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 21:212–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewark, E.A., Nurre, J.H., 1998. Automated fudicial labeling on human body data. Proc. SPIE, p.82–89. [doi:10.1117/12.302440]

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Q., Hua, Q.Y., Feng, J., et al., 2011. Design and implementation of interactive digital shadow simulation system. Proc. Int. Conf. on Electric and Electronics, p.187–194. [doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21762-3_24]

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, T.Y., Hsu, S.W., 2007. An authoring tool for generating shadow play animations with motion planning techniques. Int. J. Innov. Comput. Inform. Contr., 3(6B):1601–1612.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J.L., 1988. Chinese Shadow Puppet Plays. Morning Glory Publishers, China (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Matusky, P., 1994. Malaysian Shadow Play and Music: Continuity of an Oral Tradition. South-East Asian Social Science Monographs. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur.

    Google Scholar 

  • McHenry, K., Bajcsy, P., 2008. An Overview of 3D Data Content, File Formats and Viewers. Technical Report, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, L., 2013. The shadow puppet theatre of Malaysia: a study of Wayang Kulit with performance scripts and puppet designs. Theat. J., 65(1):137–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mortara, M., Patané, G., Spagnuolo, M., 2006. From geometric to semantic human body models. Comput. Graph., 30(2):185–196. [doi:10.1016/j.cag.2006.01.024]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nurre, J.H., 1997. Locating landmarks on human body scan data. Proc. Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, p.289–295. [doi:10.1109/IM.1997.603878]

    Google Scholar 

  • Nurre, J.H., Connor, J., Lewark, E.A., et al., 2000. On segmenting the three-dimensional scan data of a human body. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., 19(8):787–797. [doi:10.1109/42.876304]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salij, H.J., 1982. Shadow Play and Other Stories. Heinemann Asia, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapira, L., Shamir, A., Cohen-Or, D., 2008. Consistent mesh partitioning and skeletonisation using the shape diameter function. Vis. Comput., 24(4):249–259. [doi:10.1007/s00371-007-0197-5]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simari, P., Nowrouzezahrai, D., Kalogerakis, E., et al., 2009. Multi-objective shape segmentation and labeling. Comput. Graph. Forum, 28(5):1415–1425. [doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01518.x]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skipitares, T., 2013. A new aesthetic in Indian puppetry. PAJ, 35(3):61–68. [doi:10.1162/PAJJ_a_00162]

    Google Scholar 

  • Talib, A.Z., Osman, M.A., Tan, K.L., et al., 2012. Design and development of an interactive virtual shadow puppet play. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Arts and Technology, p.118–126. [doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33329-3_14]

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilley, A.R., 1993. The Measure of Man andWoman: Human Factors in Design. Whitney Library of Design, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Ness, E., Prawirohardjo, S., 1981. Javanese Wayang Kulit: an Introduction. Oxford University Press, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C.C.L., Chang, T.K.K., Yuen, M.M.F., 2003. From laser-scanned data to feature human model: a system based on fuzzy logic concept. Comput.-Aid. Des., 35(3):241–253. [doi:10.1016/S0010-4485(01)00209-3]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, I.C., 2013. Globalization and theater spectacles in Asia. CLCWeb: Compar. Liter. Cult., 15(2), Article 22. [doi:10.7771/1481-4374.2234]

    Google Scholar 

  • Werghi, N., Xiao, Y.J., Siebert, J.P., 2006. A functionalbased segmentation of human body scans in arbitrary postures. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B, 36(1):153–165. [doi:10.1109/TSMCB.2005.854503]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wuhrer, S., Ben Azouz, Z., Shu, C., 2010. Semi-automatic prediction of landmarks on human models in varying poses. Proc. Canadian Conf. on Computer and Robot Vision, p.136–142. [doi:10.1109/CRV.2010.25]

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H., Song, Y.H., Chen, Z., et al., 2012. Chinese shadow puppetry with an interactive interface using the Kinect sensor. Proc. Computer Vision, p.352–361. [doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33863-2_35]

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Y.B., Li, C.J., Shen, I.F., et al., 2003. A new form of traditional art: visual simulation of Chinese shadow play. Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH Sketches & Applications, p.1. [doi:10.1145/965400.965458]

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ke-jun Zhang.

Additional information

Project partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61103100, 61303137, and 51205059), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Nos. Y13F020143 and LY13F030002), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. 2014QNA5009)

ORCID: Xiao-fang HUANG, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-7580

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huang, Xf., Sun, Sq., Zhang, Kj. et al. A method of shadow puppet figure modeling and animation. Frontiers Inf Technol Electronic Eng 16, 367–379 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1400351

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1400351

Key words

Navigation