Skip to main content
Log in

Discrete-time charge analysis for a digital RF charge sampling mixer

  • Published:
Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents an approach for analyzing the key parts of a general digital radio frequency (RF) charge sampling mixer based on discrete-time charge values. The cascade sampling and filtering stages are analyzed and expressed in theoretical formulae. The effects of a pseudo-differential structure and CMOS switch-on resistances on the transfer function are addressed in detail. The DC-gain is restrained by using the pseudo-differential structure. The transfer gain is reduced because of the charge-sharing time constant when taking CMOS switch-on resistances into account. The unfolded transfer gains of a typical digital RF charge sampling mixer are analyzed in different cases using this approach. A circuit-level model of the typical mixer is then constructed and simulated in Cadence SpectreRF to verify the results. This work informs the design of charge-sampling, infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering, and finite impulse response (FIR) filtering circuits. The discrete-time approach can also be applied to other multi-rate receiver systems based on charge sampling techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abidi, A.A., 2004. RF CMOS comes of age. IEEE J. Sol.-State Circ., 39(4):549–561. [doi:10.1109/JSSC.2004.825247]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagheri, R., Mirzaei, A., Chehrazi, S., Heidari, M., Lee, M., Mikhemar, M., Tang, W., Abidi, A.A., 2006. An 800MHz to 5GHz Software-Defined Radio Receiver in 90 nm CMOS. IEEE Int. Conf. on Solid-State Circuits, p.1932–1941. [doi:10.1109/ISSCC.2006.1696251]

  • Chen, D.Y., Wang, W., Kwasniewski, T., 2007. Design considerations for a direct rf sampling mixer. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. II: Expr. Briefs, 54(11):934–938. [doi:10.1109/TCSII.2007.902063]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, Y.C., Staszewski, R.B., Muhammad, K., Hung, C.M., Leipold, D., Maggio, K., 2006. Charge-domain signal processing of direct RF sampling mixer with discrete-time filter in Bluetooth and GSM receiver. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., 2006:1–14. [doi:10.1155/WCN/2006/62905]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karvonen, S., Riley, T.A.D., Kurtti, S., Kostamovaara, J., 2006. A quadrature charge-domain sampler with embedded FIR and IIR filtering functions. IEEE J. Sol.-State Circ., 41(2):507–515. [doi:10.1109/JSSC.2005.857357]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kundert, K., 2003. Hidden State in SpectreRF. Available from http://www.designers-guide.org [Accessed on Dec. 8, 2006].

  • Kundert, K., Zinke, O., 2004. The Designer’s Guide to Verilog-AMS. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Muhammad, K., Staszewski, R.B., 2004. Direct RF Sampling Mixer with Recursive Filtering in Charge Domain. Proc. Int. Symp. on Circuits and Systems, p.577–580. [doi:10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328260]

  • Muhammad, K., Staszewski, R.B., Leipold, D., 2005. Digital RF processing: toward low-cost reconfigurable radios. IEEE Commun. Mag., 43(8):105–113. [doi:10.1109/MCOM.2005.1497564]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staszewski, R.B., Muhammad, K., Leipold, D., Hung, C.M., Ho, Y.C., Wallberg, J.L., Fernando, C., Maggio, K., Staszewski, R., Jung, T., et al., 2004. All-digital TX frequency synthesizer and discrete-time receiver for Bluetooth radio in 130-nm CMOS. IEEE J. Sol.-State Circ., 39(12):2278–2291. [doi:10.1109/JSSC.2004.836345]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staszewski, R.B., Muhammad, K., Leipold, D., 2005. Digital RF Processor (DRP) for Cellular phones. IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design, p.122–129. [doi:10.1109/ICCAD.2005.1560051]

  • Xu, G., Yuan, J.R., 2000. Comparison of Charge Sampling and Voltage Sampling. Proc. 43rd IEEE Midwest Symp. on Circuits and Systems, p.440–443. [doi:10.1109/MWSCAS.2000.951678]

  • Xu, G., Yuan, J.R., 2005. Performance analysis of general charge sampling. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. II: Expr. Briefs, 52(2):107–111. [doi:10.1109/TCSII.2004.840479]

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yun Pan.

Additional information

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90407011), the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2007AA01Z2b3), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20090451439)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pan, Y., Ge, N., Yan, Xl. et al. Discrete-time charge analysis for a digital RF charge sampling mixer. J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. C 11, 307–314 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.C0910390

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.C0910390

Key words

CLC number

Navigation