Definition:Audio compression and coding techniques are used to compress audio signals and can be based on sampling or on signal processing of audio sequences.
Audio is the most important medium to be transmitted in a conference-like application. In order to be able to successfully transmit audio through a low bandwidth network, however, one needs to compress it, so that its required bandwidth is manageable.
Introduction — Audio Properties
Sound is a phenomenon that happens due to the vibration of material. Sound is transmitted through the air, or some other elastic medium, as pressure waves that are formed around the vibrating material. We can consider the example of strings of a guitar, which vibrate when stroked upon. The pressure waves follow a pattern named wave form and occur repeatedly at regular intervals of time. Such intervals are called a period. The amount of periods per second denotes what is known as the frequencyof sound, which is measured in Hertz (Hz) or cycles per...
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References
T. F. Quartieri, “Speech Signal Processing — Principles and Practice,” Prentice Hall, 2001.
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ITU-T G.722 Recommendation, “7kHz Audio-coding Within 64 kbits/s,” International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
ITU-T G.723.1 Recommendation, “Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s,” International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
ITU-T G.726 Recommendation, “40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM),” International Telecommunication Union, Telecommu-nication Standardization Sector.
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ITU-T G.729 Recommendation, “Coding of speech at 8 kbit/s using conjugate-structure algebraic-code-excited linear-prediction (CS-ACELP)”, International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector.
ISO/IEC 11172-3 “Information technology — Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s — Part 3: Audio,” International Organization for Standardization.
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© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
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de Oliveira, J.C. (2006). Audio Compression and Coding Techniques. In: Furht, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Multimedia. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30038-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30038-4_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
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