Abstract
This paper presents a new method for reconstructing anatomy-based, animatable facial models with minimal manual intervention. The technique is based on deforming a multi-layered prototype model to the acquired surface data in an “outside-in” manner: deformation applied to the skin layer is propagated, with the final effect of deforming the underlying muscles. In the skin layer deformation, the generic skin mesh is represented as a dynamic deformable model which is subjected to internal force stemming from the elastic properties of the surface and external forces generated by input data points and features. A fully automated approach has been developed for deforming the muscle layer that includes three types of muscle models. Our method generates animatable models from incomplete input data and reconstructed facial models can be animated directly to synthesize various expressions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akimoto, T., Suenaga, Y., Wallace, R.S.: Automatic creation of 3D facial models. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application 13(5), 16–22 (1993)
Blanz, V., Vetter, T.: A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces. In: Proc. SIGGRAPH 1999, pp. 187–194 (August 1999)
DeCarlo, D., Metaxas, D., Stone, M.: An anthropometric face model using variational techniques. In: Proc. SIGGRAPH 1998, pp. 67–74 (July 1998)
Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press Inc., California (1978)
Farkas, L.G.: Anthropometry of the Head and Face, 2nd edn. Raven Press, Hewlett (1994)
Goto, T., Kshirsagar, S., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: Automatic face cloning and animation. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 18(3), 17–25 (2001)
Ip, H.H.S., Yin, L.: Constructing a 3D individualized head model from two orthogonal views. The Visual Computer 12, 254–266 (1996)
Jollife, I.T.: Principal Component Analysis. Springer, New York (1986)
Kähler, K., Haber, J., Yamauchi, H., Seidel, H.P.: Head shop: Generating animated head models with anatomical structure. In: Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 55–64 (2002)
Kurihara, T., Arai, K.: A transformation method for modeling and animation of the human face from photographs. In: Proc. Computer Animation 1991, pp. 45–58. Springer, Tokyo (1991)
Lee, Y., Terzopoulis, D., Waters, K.: Realistic modeling for facial animation. In: Proc. SIGGRAPH 1995, pp. 55–62 (August 1995)
Lee, W.S., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: Fast head modeling for animation. Journal Image and Vision Computing 18(4), 355–364 (2000)
Minolta VIVID-900, http://www.minolta-3d.com/products/
Parke, F.I., Waters, K.: Computer Facial Animation. AK Peters, Wellesley (1996)
Parke, F.I.: Parameterized models for facial animation. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application 2(9), 61–68 (1982)
Parke, F.I.: Computer generated animation of faces. Master’s thesis. University of Utah, Salt Lake City (1972)
Pentland, A., Moghaddam, B., Starner, T.: View-based and modular eigenspaces for face recognition. In: Proc. CVPR 1994, pp. 84–91 (1994)
Pighin, F., Hecker, J., Lischinski, D., Szeliski, R., Salesin, D.H.: Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs. In: Proc. SIGGRAPH 1998, pp. 75–84 (July 1998)
Press, W.H., Fannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A., Verrerling, W.T.: Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1986)
Ulgen, F.: A step toward universal facial animation via volume morphing. In: Proc. 6th IEEE Interantional Workshop on Robot and Human Communication, pp. 358–363 (1997)
Turk, M., Pentland, A.: Eigenfaces for recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3(1), 71–86 (1991)
Waters, K., Terzopoulus, D.: Modeling and animating faces using scanned data. Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation 2, 123–128 (1991)
Zhang, Y., Prakash, E.C., Sung, E.: A new physical model with multi-layer architecture for facial expression animation using dynamic adaptive mesh. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 10(3), 339–352 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhang, Y., Sim, T., Tan, C.L. (2005). Faces Alive: Reconstruction of Animated 3D Human Faces. In: Gervasi, O., et al. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2005. ICCSA 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3482. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11424857_128
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11424857_128
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-25862-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32045-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)