Abstract
This paper describes and compares features and techniques modern SAT solvers utilize to maximize performance. Here we focus on: Implication Queue Sorting (IQS) combined with Early Conflict Detection Based BCP (ECDB); and a modified decision heuristic based on the combination of Variable State Independent Decaying Sum (VSIDS), Berkmin, and Siege’s Variable Move to Front (VMTF). These features were implemented and compared within the framework of the MIRA SAT solver. The efficient implementation and analysis of these features are presented and the speedup and robustness each feature provides is demonstrated. Finally, with everything enabled (ECDB with IQS and advanced decision heuristics), MIRA was able to consistently outperform zChaff and even Forklift on the benchmarks provided, solving 37 out of 111 industrial benchmarks compared to zChaff’s 21 and Forklift’s 28.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Moskewicz, M.W., Madigan, C.F., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., Malik, S.: Chaff: Engineering an Efficient SAT Solver. In: Proceedings of the 38th DAC (July 2001)
Goldberg, E., Novikov, Y.: BerkMin: a Fast and Robust Sat-Solver. In: DATE 2002, Paris, France, March 2002, pp. 142–149 (2002)
Lawrence, R.: Efficient Algorithms for Clause-Learning SAT Solvers. Master’s thesis, Simon Fraser University (February 2004)
Lewis, M., Schubert, T., Becker, B.: Early Conflict Detection Based BCP for SAT Solving. In: Hoos, H.H., Mitchell, D.G. (eds.) SAT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3542. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Davis, M., Putnam, H.: A Computing Procedure for Quantification Theory. Journal of the ACM 7(3), 201–215 (1960)
Davis, M., Logemann, G., Loveland, D.: A Machine Program for Theorem-Proving. Communications of the ACM 5, 394–397 (1962)
Marques-Silva, J.P., Sakallah, K.A.: GRASP: A Search Algorithm for Propositional Satisfiability. IEEE Transactions on Computers 48, 506–521 (1999)
Fu, Z., Mahajan, Y., Malik, S.: New Features of the SAT 2004 Version of zChaff. In: Hoos, H.H., Mitchell, D.G. (eds.) SAT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3542. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Biere, A.: The Evolution from Limmat to Nanosat. Technical Report 444, Dept. of Computer Science, ETH Zürich (2004)
Biere, A.: Limmat Solver, http://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/biere/projects/limmat/
Van Gelder, A.: Generalizations of Watched Literals for Backtracking Search (2001)
Nadel, A.: The Jerusat SAT Solver. Master’s thesis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (2002)
Lynce, I., Marques-Silva, J.P.: Efficient Data Structures for Fast SAT Solvers (2001)
Alfredsson, J.: The SAT Solver Oepir. In: SAT 2004 Competition: Solver Descriptions (2004)
Eén, N.: Satzoo, http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~een/Satzoo/
Eén, N., Sörensson, N.: An Extensible SAT-solver. In: Giunchiglia, E., Tacchella, A. (eds.) SAT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2919, pp. 502–518. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
SAT 2004, http://www.satlive.org
Zhang, L., Madigan, C.F., Moskewicz, M.H., Malik, S.: Efficient Conflict Driven Learning in a Boolean Satisfiability Solver. In: ICCAD 2001 (2001)
Kautz, H., Horvitz, E., Ruan, Y., Gomes, C., Selman, B.: Dynamic Restart Policies. In: The Eighteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2002)
Goldberg, E., Novikov, Y.: http://eigold.tripod.com/BerkMin.html
Zhang, L., Malik, S.: Cache Performance of SAT Solvers: A Case Study for Efficient Implementation of Algorithms. In: Giunchiglia, E., Tacchella, A. (eds.) SAT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2919, pp. 287–298. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lewis, M.D.T., Schubert, T., Becker, B.W. (2005). Speedup Techniques Utilized in Modern SAT Solvers. In: Bacchus, F., Walsh, T. (eds) Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing. SAT 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3569. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11499107_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11499107_36
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-26276-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31679-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)