Abstract
Up to now, information visualizations have been mainly used to support information retrieval. In the study presented here, we investigate whether information visualizations can also be used to aid in acquiring knowledge, that is, in memorizing and understanding large abstract data structures. Furthermore, we address the issue of how information visualizations have to be designed in order to support knowledge acquisition of abstract data. To this end, we conducted an experimental study investigating the influence of the factors “dimensionality” and “color coding”. The domain was the building industry. The study provided evidence that information visualizations may foster knowledge acquisition and that two-dimensional information visualizations are better suited for supporting knowledge acquisition than three-dimensional ones. In addition, we found a marginal main effect of color coding, that is, the use of color coding slightly increased performance in a knowledge test. To conclude our analysis, we will outline how information visualizations for fostering knowledge acquisition can benefit from the field of knowledge visualization.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amorim, M.-A., Trumbore, B., Chogyen, P.L.: Cognitive repositioning inside a “Desktop” VE: The constraints introduced by first- vs. third-person imagery and mental representation richness. Presence 9, 165–186 (2000)
Baddeley, A.D.: Human memory. Allyn & Bacon, Boston (1998)
Bäumler, G.: Lern- und Gedächtnistest LGT-3. Hogrefe, Göttingen (1974)
Bundesen, C., Pedersen, L.F.: Color segregation and visual search. Perception and Psychophysics 33, 487–493 (1983)
Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D., Shneiderman, B.: Information visualization. In: Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D., Shneiderman, B. (eds.) Information visualization. Using vision to think, pp. 1–34. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1999)
Carter, R.C.: Visual search with color. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8, 127–136 (1982)
Cockburn, A., McKenzie, B.: 3D or not 3D? Evaluating the effect of the third dimension in a document management system. In: Tremaine, M. (ed.) Proceedings of CHI 2001, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 434–441. ACM Press, New York (2001)
Cockburn, A., McKenzie, B.: Evaluating the effectiveness of spatial memory in 2D and 3D physical and virtual environments. In: Wixon, D. (ed.) Proceedings of CHI 2002, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 203–210. ACM Press, New York (2002)
Cockburn, A., McKenzie, B.: Evaluating spatial memory in two and three dimensions. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 61, 359–373 (2004)
Cuban, L.: Teachers and machines. The classroom use of technology since 1920. Teachers College Press, New York (1986)
Däßler, R., Palm, H.: Virtuelle Informationsräume mit VRML: Informationen recherchieren und präsentieren in 3D. dpunkt-Verlag, Heidelberg (1998)
Engelkamp, J.: Das menschliche Gedächtnis. Das Erinnern von Sprache, Bildern und Handlungen. Hogrefe, Göttingen (1990)
Hanna, A., Remington, R.: The representation of color and form in long-term memory. Memory and Cognition 24, 322–330 (1996)
Holley, C.D., Dansereau, D.F.: The development of spatial learning strategies. In: Holley, C.D., Dansereau, D.F. (eds.) Spatial learning strategies. Techniques, applications, and related issues, pp. 3–19. Academic Press, New York (1984)
Landau, B., Jackendoff, B.: “What” and “where” in spatial language and spatial cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16, 217–265 (1993)
Larkin, J.H., Simon, H.A.: Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth ten thousand words. Cognitive Science 11, 65–99 (1987)
Le Grand, B., Soto, M.: Navigation in huge information hierarchies. Application to network management. In: Proceedings ACM Workshop on New Paradigms in Information Visualization and Manipulation (NPIVM 1999), pp. 56–61. ACM Press, Kansas (1999)
Logie, R.H.: Visuo-spatial working memory. Erlbaum, Hove (1995)
Mayer, R.E.: Multimedia learning. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)
Park, S.H., Woldstad, J.C.: Multiple two-dimensional displays as an alternative to three-dimensional displays in telerobotic tasks. Human Factors 42, 592–603 (2000)
Sweller, J., Chandler, P.: Why some material is difficult to learn. Cognition and Instruction 12(3), 185–233 (1994)
Sweller, J., van Merriënboer, J.J.G., Paas, F.W.C.: Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educational Psychology Review 10, 251–296 (1998)
Treisman, A.: Properties, parts, and objects. In: Boff, K.R., Kaufman, L., Thomas, F.P. (eds.) Handbook of perception and human performance. Clarendon, Oxford (1987)
Treisman, A., Gormican, S.: Feature analysis in early vision. Evidence from search asymmetries. Psychological Review 95, 15–48 (1988)
Ungerleider, L.G., Mishkin, M.: Two cortical visual systems. In: Ingle, D.J., Goodale, M.A., Mansfield, R.J.W. (eds.) Analysis of visual behaviour, pp. 549–586. MIT Press, Cambridge (1982)
Wiss, U., Carr, D., Jonsson, H.: Evaluating Three-Dimensional Information Visualization Designs: A Case Study of Three Designs. In: Banissi, E. (ed.) Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization, pp. 137–145. IEEE, Washington (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Keller, T., Grimm, M. (2005). The Impact of Dimensionality and Color Coding of Information Visualizations on Knowledge Acquisition. In: Tergan, SO., Keller, T. (eds) Knowledge and Information Visualization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3426. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11510154_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11510154_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-26921-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31962-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)