Abstract
Agent technologies have been successfully applied to craft believable characters in interactive scenarios. However, intelligent characters specialized for a controlled scenario with a predefined story are inadequate for open-ended scenarios. The key to deal with the open-endedness problem lies in the characters’ ability to understand and analyze unexpected situations. Thus, an explicit representation of the environment is crucial. We found ontologies in the form of interconnected concepts to be an appropriate high-level representation because it enables character agents to reason about the world through inference. This paper proposes a knowledge-based framework for the construction of agent-based scenarios. The physical properties of the environment are dynamically converted to instances of concepts. We also show how an intelligent planning character, without any implicit knowledge about the scenario, can exploit the resources in the environment to make plans. With ontology support, characters show better adaptability and utilize the environment more creatively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baader, F., Calvanese, D., McGuinness, D., Nardi, D., Patel-Schneider, P. (eds.): The Description Logic Handbook. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2002)
Bellifemine, F., Poggi, A., Rimassa, G.: Jade, A FIPA-compliant Agent Framework. In: 4th International Conference on Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology (1999)
Cantor, N., Kihlstrom, J.F.: Personality and Social Intelligence. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1987)
Carroll, J.J., Dickinson, I., Dollin, C., Reynolds, D., Seaborne, A., Wilkinson, K.: Jena: Implementing the Semantic Web Recommendations. In: Proceedings of the 13th International World Wide Web Conference, pp. 74–83. ACM Press, New York (2004)
Cavazza, M., Charles, F., Mead, S.J.: Interacting with Virtual Characters In Interactive Storytelling. In: Proc. of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 318–325. ACM Press, New York (2002)
Chang, P.H.-M., Chen, K.-T., Chien, Y.-H., Kao, E.C.-C., Soo, V.-W.: From Reality to Mind: A Cognitive Middle Layer of Environment Concepts for Believable Agents. In: Weyns, D., Van Dyke Parunak, H., Michel, F. (eds.) E4MAS 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3374, pp. 57–73. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Coddington, A.M., Luck, M.: A Motivation-based Planning and Execution Framework. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 13(1), 5–25 (2004)
Dickinson, I., Wooldridge, M.: Towards Practical Reasoning Agents for the Semantic Web. In: Proceedings of the Second International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 827–834. ACM Press, New York (2003)
Doyle, P.: Believability through Context: Using Knowledge in the World to Create Intelligent Characters. In: Proc. of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 342–349. ACM Press, New York (2002)
Ghallab, M., Nau, D., Traverso, P.: Automated Planning: Theory and Practice. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco (2004)
Gratch, J.: Socially Situated Planning. In: AAAI Fall Symposium on Socially Intelligent Agents - The Human in the Loop, North Falmouth, MA, pp. 61–64 (2000)
Knublauch, H., Musen, M.A., Rector, A.L.: Editing Description Logic Ontologies with Protégé OWL Plugin. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International Workshop on Description Logics, Whistler, British Columbia, Canada (2004)
Marsella, S., Johnson, W.L., LaBore, C.: Interactive Pedagogical Drama for Health Interventions. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Australia (2003)
Novak, J.D.: The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct Them (2001). Available on http://cmap.coginst.uwf.edu/info/printer.html
Riedl, M.O., Young, R.M.: An Intent-Driven Planner for Multi-Agent Story Generation. In: Proc. of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 186–193. IEEE Computer Society, Washington (2004)
Smith, M.K., Welty, C., McGuinnes, D.L. (eds.): OWL Web Ontology Language Guide. W3C Recommendation (2004), http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/
Thalmann, D., Farenc, N., Boulic, R.: Virtual Human Life Simulation and Database: Why and How. In: International Symposium on Database Applications in Non-Traditional Environments, pp. 471–479. IEEE Computer Society, Washington (1999)
Traum, D., Rickel, J., Gratch, J., Marsella, S.: Negotiation over Tasks in Hybrid Human-Agent Teams for Simulation-Based Training. In: Proceedings of the Second International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 441–448. ACM Press, New York (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chang, P.HM., Chien, YH., Kao, E.CC., Soo, VW. (2005). A Knowledge-Based Scenario Framework to Support Intelligent Planning Characters. In: Panayiotopoulos, T., Gratch, J., Aylett, R., Ballin, D., Olivier, P., Rist, T. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 3661. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11550617_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11550617_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28738-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28739-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)