Skip to main content

Introducing a New Variant of Fast Algebraic Attacks and Minimizing Their Successive Data Complexity

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 3715))

Abstract

Algebraic attacks have established themselves as a powerful method for the cryptanalysis of LFSR-based keystream generators (e.g., E 0 used in Bluetooth). The attack is based on solving an overdetermined system of low-degree equations R t =0, where R t is an expression in the state of the LFSRs at clock t and one or several successive keystream bits z t ,...,z t + δ .

In fast algebraic attacks, new equations of a lower degree are constructed in a precomputation step. This is done by computing appropriate linear combinations of T successive initial equations R t =0. The successive data complexity of the attack is the number T of successive equations.

We propose a new variant of fast algebraic attacks where the same approach is employed to eliminate some unknowns, making a divide-and-conquer attack possible. In some cases, our variant is applicable whereas the first one is not.

Both variants can have a high successive data complexity (e.g., T≥ 8.822.188 for E 0). We describe how to keep it to a minimum and introduce suitable efficient algorithms for the precomputation step.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aho, A.V., Hopcroft, J.E., Ullman, J.D.: The design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1974)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Armknecht, F., Krause, M.: Algebraic attacks on Combiners with Memory. In: Boneh, D. (ed.) CRYPTO 2003. LNCS, vol. 2729, pp. 162–175. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Armknecht, F.: Improving Fast Algebraic Attacks. In: Roy, B., Meier, W. (eds.) FSE 2004. LNCS, vol. 3017, pp. 65–82. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Armknecht, F.: On the existence of low-degree equations, Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2004/185

    Google Scholar 

  5. Biryukov, A., Shamir, A.: Cryptanalytic Time/Memory/Data tradeoffs for Stream Ciphers. In: Okamoto, T. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2000. LNCS, vol. 1976, pp. 1–13. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth system, Version 1.1, February 22 (2001), Available at http://www.bluetooth.com/

  7. Courtois, N.: Higher Order Correlation Attacks, XL Algorithm and Cryptanalysis of Toyocrypt. In: Lee, P.J., Lim, C.H. (eds.) ICISC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2587, pp. 182–199. Springer, Heidelberg (2003), is available at http://eprint.iacr.org/2002/087/

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Courtois, N., Meier, W.: Algebraic attacks on Stream Ciphers with Linear Feedback. In: Biham, E. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2656, pp. 345–359. Springer, Heidelberg (2003), An extended version is available at http://www.minrnak.org/toyolili.pdf

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Courtois, N.: Fast Algebraic Attacks on Stream Ciphers with Linear Feedback. In: Boneh, D. (ed.) CRYPTO 2003. LNCS, vol. 2729, pp. 176–194. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Faugère, J.-C., Ars, G.: An algebraic cryptanalysis of nonlinear filter generators using Gröbner bases (2003), Available at http://www.inria.fr/rrrt/rr-4739.html

  11. Dj, J.: Golic: Vectorial Boolean functions and induced algebraic equations. Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2004/225

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hawkes, P., Rose, G.G.: Rewriting Variables: the Complexity of Fast Algebraic Attacks on Stream Ciphers. In: Franklin, M. (ed.) CRYPTO 2004. LNCS, vol. 3152, pp. 390–406. Springer, Heidelberg (2004), Available at http://eprint.iacr.org/2004/081/

    Google Scholar 

  13. Krause, M.: BDD-Based Cryptanalysis of Keystream Generators. In: Knudsen, L.R. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2002. LNCS, vol. 2332, pp. 222–237. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Lidl, R., Niederreiter, H.: Introduction to finite fields an their applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Massey, J.L.: Shift-register synthesis and BCH decoding. IEEE Trans. Information Theory IT-15, 122–127 (1969)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Meier, W., Pasalic, E., Carlet, C.: Algebraic attacks and decomposition of Boolean functions. In: Cachin, C., Camenisch, J.L. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3027, pp. 474–491. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Meier, W., Staffelbach, O.: Fast Correlation Attacks on certain Stream Ciphers. Journal of Cryptology, 159–176 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Schoenhage, A.: Schnelle Multiplikation von Polynomen über Körpern der Charakteristik 2. Acta Informatica 7, 395–398 (1977)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Simpson, L., Dawson, E., Golic, J., Millan, W.: LILI Keystream Generator. In: Stinson, D.R., Tavares, S. (eds.) SAC 2000. LNCS, vol. 2012, pp. 248–261. Springer, Heidelberg (2001), See http://www.isrc.qut.edu.au/lili/

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Strassen, V.: Gaussian Elimination is Not Optimal. Numerische Mathematik 13, 354–356 (1969)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Armknecht, F., Ars, G. (2005). Introducing a New Variant of Fast Algebraic Attacks and Minimizing Their Successive Data Complexity. In: Dawson, E., Vaudenay, S. (eds) Progress in Cryptology – Mycrypt 2005. Mycrypt 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3715. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11554868_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11554868_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28938-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32066-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics