Abstract
We propose a method to estimate gaze direction in real time with a single camera based on four reference points and three calibration images. First, the position at which the eyeball center is projected is calculated as a linear combination of those of the reference points. Then, the gaze direction is estimated as a vector connecting the calculated eyeball center and the detected iris center. The algorithm is head pose free. We implemented the algorithm on a PC with a Xeon 2.2-GHz CPU, which works at a rate of 30 fps.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Morimoto, C.H., Mimica, M.R.M.: Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications. Computer Vision and Image Understanding 98, 4–24 (2005)
Ohno, T., Mukawa, N., Kawato, S.: Just blink your eyes: A head-free gaze tracking system. In: Proc. of CHI 2003, pp. 950–951 (2003)
Yoo, D.H., Chung, M.J.: A novel non-intrusive eye gaze estimation using corss-ratio under large head motion. Computer Vision and Image Understanding 98, 25–51 (2005)
Matsumoto, Y., Zelinsky, A.: An algorithm for real-time stereo vision implementation of head pose and gaze direction measurement. In: Proc. IEEE 4th Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 499–504 (2000)
Tomono, A., Kishino, F., Kobayashi, Y.: Pupil exraction processing and gaze point detection system allowing head movement (in japanese). IEICE(D-II) J76-D-II, 636–646 (1993)
Baluja, S., Pomerleau, D.: Non-intrusive gaze tracking using artificial neural networks. Technical Report CMU-CS-94-102 (1994)
Schiele, B., Waibel, A.: Gaze tracking based on face-color. In: Proc. Int. Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 344–349 (1995)
Zhu, J., Yang, J.: Subpixel eye gaze tracking. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 124–129 (2002)
Wang, J.G., Sung, E.: Gaze determination via images of irises. Image and Vision Computing 19, 891–911 (2001)
Wu, H., Chen, Q., Wada, T.: Conic-based algorithm for visual line estimation from image. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 260–265 (2004)
Wang, J.G., Sung, E., Venkateswarlu, R.: Estimating the eye gaze from one eye. Computer Vision and Image Understanding 98, 83–103 (2005)
Miyake, T., Haruta, S., Horihata, S.: Image based eye-gaze estimation irrespective of head direction. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Symposium on Industrial Electronics, vol. 1, pp. 332–336 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kawato, S., Utsumi, A., Abe, S. (2006). Gaze Direction Estimation with a Single Camera Based on Four Reference Points and Three Calibration Images. In: Narayanan, P.J., Nayar, S.K., Shum, HY. (eds) Computer Vision – ACCV 2006. ACCV 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3851. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11612032_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11612032_43
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-31219-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32433-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)