Skip to main content

Effects of Guided and Unguided Style Learning on User Attention in a Virtual Environment

  • Conference paper
Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment (Edutainment 2006)

Abstract

In this paper, we investigated the effects of guided and unguided style VR learning on user attention and retained knowledge. We conducted a study where users performed guided or unguided style learning in the virtual environment while user attention was measured through an eye tracking system and physiological sensors. The virtual environment contained the five specific events associated with different stimuli, but the guided task was designed to provide the specific goals whereas the unguided task asked the user to actively search for the interesting items. The results showed that the unguided task followed by the guided task made a considerable learning effect by giving a preview to the user. In addition, tactile feedback, sudden view point change, unique appearance and behavior, and sound stimuli played an important factor in increasing human attention states that also induced enhancing human memory about VR experience.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Cho, B.H., et al.: Attention Enhancement System using Virtual Reality and EEG Biofeedback. Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mantovani, F.: VR Learning: Potential and Challenges for the Use of 3D Environments in Education and Trainings. CyberPshchology (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bricken, M.: Virtual Reality Learning Environments: Potential and Challenges. In: Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH 1991, ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 178–184 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Dede, C., Salzman, M., Loftin, R.B., Ash, K.: Using Virtual Reality Technology to Convey Abstract Scientific Concepts. Learning the Sciences of the 21st Century: research, Design and Implementing Advanced Technology Learning Environments (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Furness, A., Winn, W., Yu, R.: The Impact of Three Dimensional Immersive Virtual Environments on Modern Pedagogy: Global Change, VR and Learning. In: Proceedings of Workshops in Seattle, Washington, and Loughborough, England (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Salzman, M.C., Dede, C., McGlynn, D., Loftin, R.B.: ScienceSpace: Lessons for Designing Immersive Virtual Realities. In: Proceedings of the CHI 1996: ACM conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 89–90. ACM, New York (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Salzman, M.C., Dede, C., Loftin, R.B.: Learner-centered design of sensorily immersive microworlds using a virtual reality interface. In: Proceedings of the AI-ED 1995: 7th World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 554–561. Association for Advancement of Computer Education, Charlottesville (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Whitelock, D., Brna, P., Holland, S.: What is the Value of Virtual Reality for Conceptual Learning? Towards a Theoretical Framework. In: Proceedings of the Euro AI-Ed: European Conference on AI in Education. University of Leeds, Leeds (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Allison, D., Hodges, L.F.: Virtual Reality for Education? In: VRST, Seoul, Korea. ACM, New York (2000) 1-58113-316-2/00/0010

    Google Scholar 

  10. Brown, D.J., Wilson, J.R.: LIVE: Learning in Virtual Environments, Ability. The Journal of the British Computer Society 15, 24–25 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Spencer, K.M., Polich, J.: Poststimulus EEG spectral analysis and P300: Attention, task, and probability. Psychophysiology 36, 220–232 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Healey, J.A.: Wearable and Automotive Systems for Affect Recognition from Physiology. PhD thesis at the MIT (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Tripathi, C.K., Mukundan, C., Mathew, T.L.: Attentional modulation of heart rate variability (HRV) during execution of PC based cognitive tasks. Ind J Aerospace Med 47(1) (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Chen, D., Vertegaal, R.: Using Mental Load for Managing Interruptions. Physiologically Attentive User Interfaces (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Raposa, J.: Biofeedback in Educational Entertainment. Master thesis at Interaction Design institute Ivrea (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kim, S.H., et al.: Clinical Study on Cerebral Lateralization of Attention by Using Heart Rate. Journal of Korean Neurological Association 5(2) (December 1987)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Youngblut, C.: Educational Uses of Virtual Reality Technology. Institute for Defense Analyses (January 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Duchowski, A.T., et al.: Binocular Eye Tracking in VR for Visual Inspection Training. In: Proceedings of VRST (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Yee, H., Pattanaik, S., Greenberg, D.P.: Spatiotemporal Sensitivity and Visual Attention for Efficient Rendering of Dynamic Environments. ACM Transactions on Graphics 20(1), 39–65 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Iqbal, S.T., Zheng, X.S., Bailey, B.P.: Task-Evoked Pupillary Response to Mental Workload in Human-Computer Interaction. In: CHI 2004, Vienna, Austria, April 24-29. ACM, New York (2004) 1-58113-703-6/04/0004

    Google Scholar 

  21. Homan, W.J.: Virtual Reality: Real Promises and False Expectations. EMI: Educational Media International 31(4), 224–227 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Schroeder, R.: Learning from Virtual Reality Applications in Education. Virtual Reality 1(1), 33–40 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cronin, P.: Report on the Applications of Virtual Reality Technology to Education. HCRC. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (1997), Electronic Document, http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~paulus/vr.htm

  24. Rose, H.: Assessing Learning in VR: Towards Developing a Paradigm, Virtual Reality Roving Vehicles (VRRV) Project. HITL Publication TR-95-1: Seattle, WA: Human Interface Technology Laboratory (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Carr, K., England, R.: Simulated and Virtual Realities: Elements of Perception. Taylor and Francis, London (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hjelm, S.I., Browall, C.: Brainball using brain activity for cool competition. Media lab Europe

    Google Scholar 

  27. Schwarz, G.: Specific Problems in Interpretation of Absolute Values of Spectral Edge Frequency (SEF) in comparison to Bispectral Index (BIS) for Assessing Depth of Anesthesia. The Internet Journal of Neuromonitoring ISSN: 1531-300X

    Google Scholar 

  28. Li, Q., Sun, L., Duan, J.: Web Page Viewing Behavior of Users: An Eye-Tracking Study. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2005) 0-7803-8971-9/05/

    Google Scholar 

  29. Duchowski, A.T.: A Breadth-First Survey of Eye Tracking Applications, Behavior Research Methods. Instruments, and Computers (BRMIC) 34(4), 455–470 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Picard, R.E., Vyzas, E., Healy, J.: Toward Machine Emotional Intelligence: Analysis of Affective Physiological State. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 23(10), 1175–1191 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. YGdrasil, http://www.evl.uic.edu/yg/overview.html

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Goo, J.J. et al. (2006). Effects of Guided and Unguided Style Learning on User Attention in a Virtual Environment. In: Pan, Z., Aylett, R., Diener, H., Jin, X., Göbel, S., Li, L. (eds) Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment. Edutainment 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3942. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11736639_151

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11736639_151

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-33423-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-33424-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics