Abstract
Formal models can be found in different computer science domains – they have the advantage to be independent of application domains and of programming languages. ITSs development is usually not based on formal models. Based on automaton theory and on formal descriptions known from modelling and simulation, the formal tutoring process model (tpm) is a formal model for ITSs. The model exists as basic tpm and as adaptive tpm. The extension of the adaptive model is described in the paper. Extended with a temporal dimension, i.e. the ’counter’, the static tpm can be used to realize another way of adaptation: the training case can be changed at runtime based on the counter values. This value can count the learner’s steps in the training case, it can be interpreted as duration, or as validity of a state.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen, J.F.: Time and Time Again: The Many Ways to Represent Time. International Journal of Intelligent Systems 6(4), 341–355 (1991)
Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I.: The Unified Modeling Language User Guide. Addison Wesley Longman, Massachusetts (1999)
Clancey, W.J.: Methodology for Building an Intelligent Tutoring System. In: Kintsch, W., Miller, J.R., Polson, P.G. (eds.) Methods and Tactics in Cognitive Sciences, pp. 51–84. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1984)
Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Anderson, J.R.: Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In: Helander, M., Landauer, T.K., Prabhu, P. (eds.) Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 849–874. Elsevier Science B.V, Amsterdam (1997)
DCMI. Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (2002), http://dublincore.org
Devedzic, V.: Using Design Patterns in ITS Development. In: Lajoie, S.P., Vivet, M. (eds.) Proc. of the World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education AI–ED, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 657–659 (1999)
Devedzic, V.: A Pattern Language for Architectures of Intelligent Tutors. In: Moore, J.D., Redfield, C., Johnson, W.L. (eds.) Proc. of the World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education AI–ED, San Antonio, TX, US, pp. 542–544 (2001)
Docs ‘n Drugs - The virtual hospital (2000), http://www.docs-n-drugs.de
Farance, F., Tonkel, J.: LTSA Specification - Learning Technology Systems Architecture, Draft 8 (2001), http://www.edutool.com/ltsa
Harrer, A., Martens, A.: Towards a Pattern Language for Intelligent Teaching and Training Systems. Intelligent Tutoring Systems (submitted, 2006)
Illmann, T., Weber, M., Martens, A., Seitz, A.: A Pattern-Oriented Design of a Web-Based and Case-Oriented Multimedia Training System in Medicine. In: 4th World Conference on Integrated Design and Process Technology, Dallas, US (2000)
Lelouche, R.: Intelligent Tutoring Systems from Birth to Now. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz, Germany 4, 5–11 (1999)
Martens, A., Bernauer, J., Illmann, T., Seitz, A.: Docs ’n Drugs - The Virtual Polyclinic An Intelligent Tutoring System for Web-Based and Case-Oriented Training in Medicine. In: Proc. of the American Medical Informatics Conference AMIA (2001)
Martens, A.: Centralize the Tutoring Process in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In: Proc. of the 5th Internat. Conf. New Educational Environments ICNEE, Lucerne, Switzerland (2003)
Martens, A.: Case-based or Problem-based – An Investigation of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Journal Methods of Information in Medicine (submitted, 2005)
Martens, A.: Modeling of Adaptive Tutoring Processes. In: Zongmin, M. (ed.) Web-Based Intelligent e-Learning Systems: Technologies and Applications, Hershey, London, pp. 193–215. Information Science Publishing, Idea Group Inc. (2005)
Martens, A.: Towards a Dynamic Tutoring Process Model. In: International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (submitted, 2006)
Martens, A., Himmelspach, J.: Combining Intelligent Tutoring and Simulation Systems. In: Proc. of the Internat. Conference on Simulation in Human Computer Interfaces, SIMCHI, Part of the Western Multi Conference WMC 2005, New Orleans, US (2005)
Martens, A., Uhrmacher, A.M.: Modeling Tutoring as a Dynamic Process - A Discrete Event Simulation Approach. In: Szczerbicka, H. (ed.) Proc. of the European Simulation Multiconference ESM, pp. 111–119 (1999)
Martens, A., Uhrmacher, A.M.: A Formal Tutoring Process Model for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In: Proc. of the European Artificial Intelligence Conference ECAI (2004)
Merseth, K.: The Early History of Case-Based Instruction. Journal of Teacher Education 42(4), 243–249 (1991)
Rickel, J.: Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction: A Survey Organized Around System Components. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 19(1), 40–57 (1989)
Willms, J., Möbus, C.: Evolution of the Hypotheses Testing Approach in Intelligent Problem Solving Environments. In: Gauthier, G., VanLehn, K., Frasson, C. (eds.) ITS 2000. LNCS, vol. 1839, pp. 403–412. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Martens, A. (2006). Time in the Adaptive Tutoring Process Model. In: Ikeda, M., Ashley, K.D., Chan, TW. (eds) Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4053. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11774303_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11774303_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-35159-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35160-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)