Abstract
Students often use available help facilities in an unproductive fashion. To improve students’ help-seeking behavior we built the Help Tutor – a domain-independent agent that can be added as an adjunct to Cognitive Tutors. Rather than making help-seeking decisions for the students, the Help Tutor teaches better help-seeking skills by tracing students actions on a (meta)cognitive help-seeking model and giving students appropriate feedback. In a classroom evaluation the Help Tutor captured help-seeking errors that were associated with poorer learning and with poorer declarative and procedural knowledge of help seeking. Also, students performed less help-seeking errors while working with the Help Tutor. However, we did not find evidence that they learned the intended help-seeking skills, or learned the domain knowledge better. A new version of the tutor that includes a self-assessment component and explicit help-seeking instruction, complementary to the metacognitive feedback, is now being evaluated.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aleven, V., Koedinger, K.R.: An effective metacognitive strategy: learning by doing and explaining with a computer-based Cognitive Tutor. Cognitive Science 26(2), 147–179 (2002)
Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.R.: Toward meta-cognitive tutoring: A model of help seeking with a Cognitive Tutor. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (to appear)
Aleven, V., Roll, I., McLaren, B.M., Ryu, E.J., Koedinger, K.R.: An architecture to combine meta-cognitive and cognitive tutoring: Pilot testing the Help Tutor. In: Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2005). IOS Press, Amsterdam (2005)
Aleven, V., Stahl, E., Schworm, S., Fischer, F., Wallace, R.: Help seeking and help design in interactive learning environments. Review of Educational Research 73(2), 277–320 (2003)
Arbreton, A.: Student goal orientation and help-seeking strategy use. In: Karabenick, S.A. (ed.) Implications for learning and teaching, pp. 95–116. Erlbaum, Mahwah (1998)
Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Roll, I.: Detecting When Students Game the System, Across Tutor Subjects and Classroom Cohorts. In: Ardissono, L., Brna, P., Mitrović, A. (eds.) UM 2005. LNCS, vol. 3538, pp. 220–224. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Bull, S., Dimitrova, V., Brna, P.: Enhancing Reflective Modelling through Communicative Interaction in Learning Environments. In: Brna, P., Baker, M., Stenning, K., Tiberghien, A. (eds.) The Role of Communication in Learning to Model, pp. 183–211. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah (2002)
Conati, C., VanLehn, K.: Teaching meta-cognitive skills: implementation and evaluation of a tutoring system to guide self-explanation while learning from examples. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (1999)
Corbett, A., Anderson, J.R.: Knowledge tracing: Modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 4(4), 253–278 (1995)
Gama, C.: Metacognition in Interactive Learning Environments: The Reflection Assistant Model. In: Lester, J.C., Vicari, R.M., Paraguaçu, F. (eds.) ITS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3220, pp. 668–677. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Koedinger, K.R., Anderson, J.R.: Intelligent Tutoring Goes to School in the Big City. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 8, 30–43 (1997)
Renkl, A.: Learning from worked-out examples: Instructional explanations supplement self-explanations. Learning and Instruction 12, 529–556 (2002)
Roll, I., Baker, R.S., Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Koedinger, K.R.: Modeling Students’ Metacognitive Errors in Two Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In: Ardissono, L., Brna, P., Mitrović, A. (eds.) UM 2005. LNCS, vol. 3538, pp. 367–376. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Roll, I., Ryu, E., Sewall, J., Leber, B., McLaren, B.M., Aleven, V., Koedinger, K.R.: Towards teaching metacognition: Supporting spontaneous self-assessment. In: Ikeda, M., Ashley, K.D., Chan, T.-W. (eds.) ITS 2006. LNCS, vol. 4053, pp. 738–740. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Vygotsky: Mind in society. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1978)
Wood, H.A., Wood, D.J.: Help seeking, learning, and contingent tutoring. Computers and Education 33, 153–169 (1999)
Zapata-Rivera, J.-D., Greer, J.E.: Exploring various guidance mechanisms to support interaction with inspectable learner models. In: Cerri, S.A., Gouardéres, G., Paraguaçu, F. (eds.) ITS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2363, pp. 442–452. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Roll, I., Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Ryu, E., Baker, R.S.J.d., Koedinger, K.R. (2006). The Help Tutor: Does Metacognitive Feedback Improve Students’ Help-Seeking Actions, Skills and Learning?. In: Ikeda, M., Ashley, K.D., Chan, TW. (eds) Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4053. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11774303_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11774303_36
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-35159-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35160-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)