Abstract
This paper presents a color image watermarking scheme based on spatial information analysis in spatio-chromatic space. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used as an appropriate tool for estimating information. We use RGB color images with a regular arrangement RGB channels into spatio-chromatic space, and PCA performs de-correlation of these signals. We show that spatio-chromatic principal components of images contain spatial information and color information, and that PCA spatio-chromatic analysis is able to help the reconstruction of full images. We propose an efficient watermarking method for color images based on the observation. Watermarks are embedded in some spatio-chromatic principal components of the image, which provide invisibility and robustness. The experimental results show that the proposed method possesses robustness against most common attacks, and image processing techniques.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cox, J., Kilian, J., Leighton, T., Shamoon, T.: Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 6(12), 1673–1687 (1997)
Podilchuk, C.I., Zeng, W.: Image-Adaptive Watermarking Using Visual Models. IEEE Journal Selected Areas of Communications, JSAC, 16(4), 525–539 (1998)
Hien, T.D., Nakao, Z., Chen, Y.-W.: ICA-based robust logo image watermarking. In: Proceedings of SPIE on Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI, January 2004, vol. 5306 (2004)
Hien, T.D., Chen, Y.-W., Nakao, Z.: A Robust Digital watermarking technique Based on Principal Component Analysis. International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 4(2), 138–192 (2004)
Kutter, M., Bhattacharjee, S.K., Ebrahimi, T.: Towards Second Generation Watermarking Schemes. In: Proc. of the IEEE Inter. Conf. on Image Processing, ICIP 99, Kobe, Japan, vol. 1, pp. 320–323 (1999)
Kutter, M., Jordan, F., Bossen, F.: 2Digital signature of color image using amplitude modulation. In: Sethi, I.K., Jain, R. (eds.) Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases V, SPIE, San Jose, CA, February 1997, vol. 3022, pp. 518–526 (1997)
Zeng, X.-Y., Chen, Y.-W., Nakao, Z., Lu, H.: A new texture feature based on PCA pattern maps and its application to image retrieval. IEICE Trans. Information & Systems, E-86D, 929–936 (2003)
Hancock, P.J.B., Baddeley, R.J., Smith, L.S.: The principal components of natural images. Network 3, 61–70 (1992)
Barni, M., Bartolini, F., Cappellini, V., Piva, A.: A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking. Signal Processing, Special Issue in ”Copyright Protection and Access Control for Multimedia Services, 357–372 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hien, T.D., Nakao, Z., Miyara, K., Nagata, Y., Chen, Y.W. (2006). A New Chromatic Color Image Watermarking and Its PCA-Based Implementation. In: Rutkowski, L., Tadeusiewicz, R., Zadeh, L.A., Żurada, J.M. (eds) Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing – ICAISC 2006. ICAISC 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4029. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11785231_82
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11785231_82
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-35748-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35750-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)