Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on the Code Division Multiple Access Technique

  • Conference paper
Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems (KES 2006)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 4252))

Abstract

A multiple watermarking algorithm based on the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) spread spectrum technique is presented. Multiple copyright identifiers are convolutional encoded and block interleaved, and the orthogonal Gold sequences are used to spread spectrum of the copyright messages. The CDMA encoded copyright messages are embedded into the wavelet sub-bands. As a blind watermarking algorithm, the copyright identifiers are extracted without the original image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the detection BER, and the multiple copyright identifiers have preferable robustness and invisibility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ruanaidh, J., Pun, T.: Rotation, scale and t translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking. Signal Processing 66(3), 303–317 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Silvestre, G., Dowling, W.: Embedding data in digital images using cdma techniques. In: Proceedings of 2000 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Vancouver, Canada, vol. 1, pp. 589–592 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kohda, T., Ookubo, Y., Shinokura, K.: Digital watermarking through CDMA channels using spread spectrum techniques. In: Proceedings of IEEE 6th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, Parsippany, NJ, USA, vol. 2, pp. 671–674 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Vassaux, B., Bas, P., Chassery, J.: A new CDMA technique for digital image watermarking enhancing capacity of insertion and robustness. In: Proceedings of 2001 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Thessalonica, Greece, vol. 3, pp. 983–986 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fang, Y., Wu, S., Huang, J.: DWT-Based CDMA Watermarking Resist Cropping. ACTA Automatica Sinica 30(3), 442–448 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fang, Y., Huang, J., Shi, Y.: Image watermarking algorithm applying CDMA. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, pp. 948–951 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zou, F., Lu, Z., Ling, H.: A Multiple Watermarking Algorithm Based on CDMA. In: International Multimedia Conference archive Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, pp. 424–427 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hartung, F., Girod, B.: Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video. Signal Processing 66, 283–301 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Mobasseri, B.: Exploring CDMA for watermarking of digital video. In: Proceedings of the SPIE 1999 Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, San Jose, CA, USA. SPIE, vol. 3657, pp. 96–102 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cox, I., Kilian, J., Shamoon, T.: spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Trans on Image Processing 6, 1673–1687 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hsu, C., Wu, J.: Hidden digital watermarks in images. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 8(1), 58–68 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wong, P., Au, O., Yeung, Y.: A novels blind multiple watermarking techniques for images. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 13(8), 813–830 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Raval, M., Priti, P.: Discrete wavelet transform based multiple watermarking schemes. In: 2003 Conference on Convergent Technologies for Asia-Pacific Region, vol. 3, pp. 935–938 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lu, C., Liao, H.: Multipurpose watermarking for image authentication and protection. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 10, 1579–1592 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Watson, A., Yang, G.: Visibility of wavelet quantization noise. IEEE Transactions on image Processing 6(8), 1164–1174 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Advanced Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, P.R. China

    Fan Zhang, Guosheng Yang & Xianxing Liu

  2. Department of Computer Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, P.R. China

    Xinhong Zhang

Authors
  1. Fan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Guosheng Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xianxing Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xinhong Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Design, Engineering and Computing, Bournemouth University, UK

    Bogdan Gabrys

  2. Centre for SMART Systems, School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, BN2 4GJ, Brighton, UK

    Robert J. Howlett

  3. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Knowledge Based Intelligent Engineering Systems Centre, University of South Australia, SA, 5095, Mawson Lakes, Australia

    Lakhmi C. Jain

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Zhang, F., Yang, G., Liu, X., Zhang, X. (2006). Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on the Code Division Multiple Access Technique. In: Gabrys, B., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds) Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems. KES 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4252. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11893004_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11893004_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-46537-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46539-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation