Abstract
A multiple watermarking algorithm based on the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) spread spectrum technique is presented. Multiple copyright identifiers are convolutional encoded and block interleaved, and the orthogonal Gold sequences are used to spread spectrum of the copyright messages. The CDMA encoded copyright messages are embedded into the wavelet sub-bands. As a blind watermarking algorithm, the copyright identifiers are extracted without the original image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the detection BER, and the multiple copyright identifiers have preferable robustness and invisibility.
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© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Zhang, F., Yang, G., Liu, X., Zhang, X. (2006). Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on the Code Division Multiple Access Technique. In: Gabrys, B., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds) Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems. KES 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4252. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11893004_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11893004_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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