Abstract
There is intense interest about human factors issues in interactive computer systems for life-critical applications, industrial/commercial uses, and personal computing in the office or home. Primary design goals include proper functionality, adequate reliability, suitable cost, and adherence to schedule. Measurable human factors issues include time to learn, speed of performance, rate of errors, subjective satisfaction, and retention over time. Specific human factors acceptance tests are described as a natural complement to hardware and software acceptance tests. Project management ideas, information resources, and potential research directions are presented.
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Guidelines documents
Guidelines documents
Engel, Stephen E. and Granda, Richard E., Guidelines for Man/Display Interfaces, Technical Report TR 00.2720, IBM, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. (December 1975).
—An early and influential document which is the basis for several of the other guidelines documents.
Smith, Sid L., User-System Interface Design for Computer-Based Information Systems, Report ESD-TR-82-132. The MITRE Corporation, Bedford, MA 01730, Electronic Systems Division, (April 1982), 181 pages.
—This thorough document, which is continuously being revised, begins with a good discussion of human factors issues in design and then covers data entry, data display, and sequence control. Guidelines are offered with comments, examples, exceptions, and references. Sid Smith is seeking comments for refinement and expansion, telephone 617-271-7768.
Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systems, Equipment and Facilities, Military Standard MIL-STD-1472C, U.S. Government Printing Office, (May 2, 1981).
—Almost three hundred pages, largely on traditional ergonometric or anthropometric issues, but this latest edition has a ten page addition on "Personnel-Computer interface".
Human Factors Review of Electric Power Dispatch Control Centers: Volume 2 Detailed Survey Results, Prepared by Lockheed Missiles and Space Company for the Electric Power Research Institute, 3412 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, 1981.
—Well researched and thoughtful comments about electric power control centers, with many generally applicable conclusions.
Human Factors of Work Stations with Display Terminals, IBM Document G 320-6102-1, San Jose, CA 95193 (1979).
—Informative and readable discussion about terminal design.
Human Factors Engineering Criteria for Information Processing Systems, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (September 1982)
—Well written and precise guidelines with numerous examples on display format, data entry, language and coding, interaction sequence control, error handling procedures, on-line guidance, and color displays. Available from C. Marlin Brown, Orgn. 62–91, Bldg. 538, Telephone 408-742-4399.
Books
Badre, Albert, and Shneiderman, Ben (Editors), "Directions in Human-Computer Interaction", Ablex Publishing Co., Norwood, NJ, (1980).
Bailey, Robert W., Human Performance Engineering: A Guide for System Designers, Prentice-Hall, Incl., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, (1982).
Cakir, A., Hart, D.J., and Stewart, T.F.M., Visual Display Terminals: A Manual Covering Ergonomics, Workplace Design, Health and Safety, Task Organization, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, (1980).
Foley, James D., and Van Dam, Andries, Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA, (1982).
Guedj, R. (Editor), Methodology of Interaction, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, (1980).
Hiltz, Starr Roxanne, and Turroff, Murray, The Network Nation: Human Communication via Computer, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA, (1978).
Larson, James A. (Editor), Tutorial: End User Facilities in the 1980's, IEEE Computer Society Press (EHO 198-2), New York, NY, (1982).
Martin, James, Design of Man-computer Dialogues, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, (1973).
Mehlmann, Marilyn, When People Use Computers: An Approach to Developing an Interface, Prentice-Hall, Incl., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, (1981).
Shneiderman, Ben, Software Psychology: Human Factors in Computer and Information Systems, Little Brown and Co., Boston, MA, (1980).
Smith, H.T., and Green, T.R.G. (Editors), Human Interaction with Computers, Academic Press, New York, NY, (1980).
Welford, A.T., Skilled Performance: Perceptual and Motor skills, Scott, Foresman and Co., Glenview, IL, (1976).
Articles
Allen, R., Cognitive factors in human interaction with computers, In Badre, A., and Shneiderman, B. (Editors), Directions in Human-Computer Interaction. Ablex Publishing Co., Norwood, NJ, (1982).
Card, Stuart, English, William, and Burr, Betty, Evaluation of mouse, rate-controlled isometric joystick, step keys, and text keys for text selection on a CRT. Ergonomics 21 (8), (1978), 601–613.
Card, S.K., Moran, T.P., and Newell, A., The keystroke-level model for user performance with interactive systems, Communications of the ACM 23, (1980), 396–410.
Chapanis, Alphonse, Words, words, words. Human Factors 7(1), (1965), 1–17.
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Doherty, W.J., and Kelisky, R.P., Managing VM/CMS systems for user effectiveness, IBM Systems Journal 18(1), (1979), 143–163.
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Durrett, John, and Trezona, Judi, How to use color displays effectively, BYTE, (April 1982), 50–53.
Embley, David W., and Nagy, George, Behavioral aspects of text editors, ACM Computing Surveys 13(1), (March 1981), 33–70.
Ledgard, Henry, Whiteside, John, Singer, Andrew, and Seymour, William, The natural language of interactive systems, Communications of the ACM, 23(10), (October 1980), 556–563.
Miller, Lance, and Thomas Jr., J.C., Behavioral issues in the use of interactive systems, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 9, (1977), 509–536.
Reisner, Phyllis, Human factors studies of database query languages: A survey and assessment, ACM Computing Surveys 13(1), (March 1981), 13–31.
Robertson, P.J., A guide to using color on alphanumeric displays, IBM Technical Report G320-6296-0, IBM White Plains, NY, (1980).
Rouse, William B., Human-computer interaction in the control of dynamic systems, ACM Computing Surveys 13(1), (March 1981), 71–100.
Shneiderman, Ben, The future of interactive systems and the emergence of direct manipulation, Behaviour and Information Technology, (to appear) and Vassiliou, Y. (Editor), Human Factors of Interactive Computer Systems, Ablex Publishing Co., Norwood, NJ, (1983).
Shneiderman, Ben, Designing computer system messages, Communications of the ACM, 25(9), (September 1982), 610–611.
Shneiderman, Ben, Multiparty grammars and related features for defining interactive systems, IEEE Transactions on System, Man, and Cybernetics SMC 12(2), (March/April 1982), 148–154.
Shneiderman, Ben, Human factors experiments in designing interactive systems, IEEE Computer, 12(12), (1979), 9–19.
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Thomas, John C., and Carrol, J.M., Human factors in communication, IBM Systems Journal 20, (1981), 237–263.
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© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Shneiderman, B. (1983). Human factors of interactive software. In: Blaser, A., Zoeppritz, M. (eds) Enduser Systems and Their Human Factors. IBM 1983. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 150. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-12273-7_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-12273-7_16
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